WGU D398 - Introduction to
Pharmacology: Section 2 Review EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ LATEST 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
Four Main Phases of Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-Mnemonic: ADME - Absorption,
Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-When a substance gets into the bloodstream and starts
working.
Bioavailability - CORRECT ANSWER-Extent a drug becomes completely available to its intended
destination.
Factors affecting absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-Presence or absence of food, exposure to
acidic environment.
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER-Transfer of drug from the bloodstream to organ cells and
fluids.
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER-Physiological systems chemically alter drugs into molecules
that exert an effect and then are eliminated in the body; mainly in the liver.
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of a substance being removed from the body.
,Half-life (t½) - CORRECT ANSWER-Time it takes for concentration of drug to be reduced by half.
Medication Metabolism Variations - CORRECT ANSWER-Vary by age, weight, gender,
psychological state, and cultural/religious beliefs.
Medication Interactions - CORRECT ANSWER-Mnemonic: SPA - Synergism, Potentiation,
Antagonism.
Synergism - CORRECT ANSWER-One drug aids the other to achieve an effect neither produce
alone.
Potentiation - CORRECT ANSWER-One drug prolongs or increases the other's effects; second
drug may not contribute to observable effect.
Antagonism - CORRECT ANSWER-One drug reduces or cancels the impact of another.
Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWER-Heart muscle does not pump as well as it should.
Cardiac Glycosides - CORRECT ANSWER-Enhance force of cardiac contractions by acting directly
on heart muscle.
Digoxin (Lanoxin) - CORRECT ANSWER-Medication used as a cardiac glycoside.
Side effects of Digoxin - CORRECT ANSWER-Irritability, tremors, seizures, double vision, visual
halos, insomnia.
, Important information about Digoxin - CORRECT ANSWER-Digoxin levels closely monitored,
possible drug interactions.
Cautions for Digoxin - CORRECT ANSWER-Kidney or lung damage, heart attacks.
Arrhythmia - CORRECT ANSWER-Irregular heartbeat due to malfunctioning electrical signals;
tachycardia (fast), bradycardia (slow), fibrillation (erratic).
Antiarrhythmic Medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Suppress arrhythmias in diverse ways,
depending on symptoms.
Amiodarone (Cordarone) - CORRECT ANSWER-Example of an antiarrhythmic medication.
Side effects of Amiodarone - CORRECT ANSWER-Tremors, numbness, visual disturbances, lung
scarring/thickness (pulmonary fibrosis).
Cautions for Amiodarone - CORRECT ANSWER-Underlying heart block diseases; thyroid disease;
allergies to iodine.
Hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-High blood pressure - force exerted by blood on arterial walls
is excessive, causing heart to use more effort to pump blood.
Beta-Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-Lower blood pressure by blocking beta1 receptors; beta1
receptors' activation increases the heart's pace and force of beats.
Conditions treated by Beta-Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypertension and other diseases.
Mnemonic for Beta-Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-"A BEAT" - A: Antihypertensive, B:
Bradycardia, E: Epinephrine blockade, A: Angina relief, T: Tremors reduction.
Pharmacology: Section 2 Review EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ LATEST 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
Four Main Phases of Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-Mnemonic: ADME - Absorption,
Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-When a substance gets into the bloodstream and starts
working.
Bioavailability - CORRECT ANSWER-Extent a drug becomes completely available to its intended
destination.
Factors affecting absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-Presence or absence of food, exposure to
acidic environment.
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER-Transfer of drug from the bloodstream to organ cells and
fluids.
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER-Physiological systems chemically alter drugs into molecules
that exert an effect and then are eliminated in the body; mainly in the liver.
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of a substance being removed from the body.
,Half-life (t½) - CORRECT ANSWER-Time it takes for concentration of drug to be reduced by half.
Medication Metabolism Variations - CORRECT ANSWER-Vary by age, weight, gender,
psychological state, and cultural/religious beliefs.
Medication Interactions - CORRECT ANSWER-Mnemonic: SPA - Synergism, Potentiation,
Antagonism.
Synergism - CORRECT ANSWER-One drug aids the other to achieve an effect neither produce
alone.
Potentiation - CORRECT ANSWER-One drug prolongs or increases the other's effects; second
drug may not contribute to observable effect.
Antagonism - CORRECT ANSWER-One drug reduces or cancels the impact of another.
Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWER-Heart muscle does not pump as well as it should.
Cardiac Glycosides - CORRECT ANSWER-Enhance force of cardiac contractions by acting directly
on heart muscle.
Digoxin (Lanoxin) - CORRECT ANSWER-Medication used as a cardiac glycoside.
Side effects of Digoxin - CORRECT ANSWER-Irritability, tremors, seizures, double vision, visual
halos, insomnia.
, Important information about Digoxin - CORRECT ANSWER-Digoxin levels closely monitored,
possible drug interactions.
Cautions for Digoxin - CORRECT ANSWER-Kidney or lung damage, heart attacks.
Arrhythmia - CORRECT ANSWER-Irregular heartbeat due to malfunctioning electrical signals;
tachycardia (fast), bradycardia (slow), fibrillation (erratic).
Antiarrhythmic Medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Suppress arrhythmias in diverse ways,
depending on symptoms.
Amiodarone (Cordarone) - CORRECT ANSWER-Example of an antiarrhythmic medication.
Side effects of Amiodarone - CORRECT ANSWER-Tremors, numbness, visual disturbances, lung
scarring/thickness (pulmonary fibrosis).
Cautions for Amiodarone - CORRECT ANSWER-Underlying heart block diseases; thyroid disease;
allergies to iodine.
Hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-High blood pressure - force exerted by blood on arterial walls
is excessive, causing heart to use more effort to pump blood.
Beta-Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-Lower blood pressure by blocking beta1 receptors; beta1
receptors' activation increases the heart's pace and force of beats.
Conditions treated by Beta-Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypertension and other diseases.
Mnemonic for Beta-Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-"A BEAT" - A: Antihypertensive, B:
Bradycardia, E: Epinephrine blockade, A: Angina relief, T: Tremors reduction.
