Community Health Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Social Determinants of Health Everything OUTSIDE the body that affects health
Include conditions in which people are born, grow, live work and age that shape
health
Social determinants of health can lead to different health outcomes even if the
care given to two patients is the same
Equalizing SDOH can improve the health of entire populations
Ex: Community, neighborhood, economic stability, health care access, education
access
5 domains:
Economic Stability
Examples: Access to employment, income level, financial resources, poverty,
housing stability
Education Access and Quality
Examples: Quality of schooling, educational attainment, literacy level, access to
educational opportunities
Health Care Access and Quality
Examples: Access to health care services, health insurance coverage, availability
of HCP, quality of car
Neighborhood and Built Environment
Examples: Safety of residences and workplace, cleanliness of water/food/air,
housing quality, transportation, geographic location
Social and Community Context
Examples: social interactions and relationships, support systems in
home/neighborhood/community, religion, discrimination, civic participation
,Health Determinants Include: Everything INSIDE the body that AFFECTS Health
A range of individual characteristics and behaviors, social and economic
circumstances, and physical environmental factors that Influence health status
or outcomes
Ex: Having a bowel movement only once a week
Health Disparities Differences that exist among specific population groups that prevent them from
attaining their full health potential
Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or
opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by vulnerable
populations
Differences between vulnerable populations and the general population
PREVENTABLE- meaning it is possible to improve health outcomes that
vulnerable populations experience
I.e Vaccinations
Opportunities: Insurance coverage, access to care, exposure to toxins in
environment
Burden of Disease or Injury: Differences in unplanned pregnancy rates, mortality
rates, crime rates Examples of groups likely to experience health inequity that
leads to health disparities are African Americans, Native Americans, sexual
minorities, persons with disabilities, veterans, persons released from being
incarcerated, and those who live in rural areas
Healthy People 2030 (Health Disparities) Will assess health disparities in the US population by tracking rates of illness,
death, chronic condititions, behaviors, and other types of outcomes in relation to
demographic factors including:
Race and ethnicity
Gender
Sexual identity and orientation
Disability status
Geographic location
Vulnerable Populations Those at Greater risk for poor health status and health care access- groups that
have an increased risk for developing adverse health outcomes
Multiple cumulative risks: Limited physical, environmental, and personal
resources
Not just one risk factor
, Natural History of Disease Model looks at the interaction of these risk factors including personal habits, social
environment, and physical environment interacts with physiology. Some factors
make it more likely that a person will develop health problems
Physiology and environment
Resilience: important to learn what factors help these people to resist or have
resilience to the effects of vulnerability
Poverty: primary cause of vulnerability
Poverty, unemployment, and poor education can lead to maladaptive physical
responses and disease
Special Needs Groups Age- both ends of the age continuum- infants of substance-abusing mothers
risk being born addicted and having severe physiologic problems and
developmental delays. Elderly individuals are more likely to develop active
infections from communicable diseases such as the flu or pneumonia and
generally have more difficulty recovering from infectious processes than do
younger people because of the former group’s less effective immune systems.
Life experience, especially those early in life- children who survive disasters
may experience difficulties in later life if they do not receive adequate
counseling
Confidence level
Internal/external locus of control- Higher levels of confidence in one’s ability or
internal locus of control appear to protect children (particularly adolescents)
from the negative effects of disaster and trauma. Persons with an internal locus
of control believe that they control their behavior and do not depend entirely on
external people, events, or forces to control behavior. It is the person’s
perception of his or her level of personal control that influences the person’s
decisions. Vulnerable population groups often develop an external locus of
control. They may believe that events are outside their control and result from
bad luck or fate.
Military and their families
Veterans-Family members with a military service member have been found to be
more susceptive to domestic violence and child maltreatment, and returning
service members may have difficulty reconnecting with their families that have
stayed at home.
Persons with disabilities
CORRECT Answers
Social Determinants of Health Everything OUTSIDE the body that affects health
Include conditions in which people are born, grow, live work and age that shape
health
Social determinants of health can lead to different health outcomes even if the
care given to two patients is the same
Equalizing SDOH can improve the health of entire populations
Ex: Community, neighborhood, economic stability, health care access, education
access
5 domains:
Economic Stability
Examples: Access to employment, income level, financial resources, poverty,
housing stability
Education Access and Quality
Examples: Quality of schooling, educational attainment, literacy level, access to
educational opportunities
Health Care Access and Quality
Examples: Access to health care services, health insurance coverage, availability
of HCP, quality of car
Neighborhood and Built Environment
Examples: Safety of residences and workplace, cleanliness of water/food/air,
housing quality, transportation, geographic location
Social and Community Context
Examples: social interactions and relationships, support systems in
home/neighborhood/community, religion, discrimination, civic participation
,Health Determinants Include: Everything INSIDE the body that AFFECTS Health
A range of individual characteristics and behaviors, social and economic
circumstances, and physical environmental factors that Influence health status
or outcomes
Ex: Having a bowel movement only once a week
Health Disparities Differences that exist among specific population groups that prevent them from
attaining their full health potential
Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or
opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by vulnerable
populations
Differences between vulnerable populations and the general population
PREVENTABLE- meaning it is possible to improve health outcomes that
vulnerable populations experience
I.e Vaccinations
Opportunities: Insurance coverage, access to care, exposure to toxins in
environment
Burden of Disease or Injury: Differences in unplanned pregnancy rates, mortality
rates, crime rates Examples of groups likely to experience health inequity that
leads to health disparities are African Americans, Native Americans, sexual
minorities, persons with disabilities, veterans, persons released from being
incarcerated, and those who live in rural areas
Healthy People 2030 (Health Disparities) Will assess health disparities in the US population by tracking rates of illness,
death, chronic condititions, behaviors, and other types of outcomes in relation to
demographic factors including:
Race and ethnicity
Gender
Sexual identity and orientation
Disability status
Geographic location
Vulnerable Populations Those at Greater risk for poor health status and health care access- groups that
have an increased risk for developing adverse health outcomes
Multiple cumulative risks: Limited physical, environmental, and personal
resources
Not just one risk factor
, Natural History of Disease Model looks at the interaction of these risk factors including personal habits, social
environment, and physical environment interacts with physiology. Some factors
make it more likely that a person will develop health problems
Physiology and environment
Resilience: important to learn what factors help these people to resist or have
resilience to the effects of vulnerability
Poverty: primary cause of vulnerability
Poverty, unemployment, and poor education can lead to maladaptive physical
responses and disease
Special Needs Groups Age- both ends of the age continuum- infants of substance-abusing mothers
risk being born addicted and having severe physiologic problems and
developmental delays. Elderly individuals are more likely to develop active
infections from communicable diseases such as the flu or pneumonia and
generally have more difficulty recovering from infectious processes than do
younger people because of the former group’s less effective immune systems.
Life experience, especially those early in life- children who survive disasters
may experience difficulties in later life if they do not receive adequate
counseling
Confidence level
Internal/external locus of control- Higher levels of confidence in one’s ability or
internal locus of control appear to protect children (particularly adolescents)
from the negative effects of disaster and trauma. Persons with an internal locus
of control believe that they control their behavior and do not depend entirely on
external people, events, or forces to control behavior. It is the person’s
perception of his or her level of personal control that influences the person’s
decisions. Vulnerable population groups often develop an external locus of
control. They may believe that events are outside their control and result from
bad luck or fate.
Military and their families
Veterans-Family members with a military service member have been found to be
more susceptive to domestic violence and child maltreatment, and returning
service members may have difficulty reconnecting with their families that have
stayed at home.
Persons with disabilities
