NU 327 Respiratory Disorders Study
Guide Questions Merged With Correct
Complete Solutions | Already Graded
A+ | 2026-2027 Latest Update!!!
4 major types of lung cancer - ANSWER-- squamous cell
- adenocarcinoma
- large cell
- small cell (oat cell)
know that small cell tends to rapidly grow and metastasize, while non-
small cell or large cell tends to develop more subtly over a longer
period
squamous, adenocarcinoma, and large cell are all non-small cancers
,Acute (Adult) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - ANSWER-
pulmonary dysfunction characterized by damage to alveoli, capillary
membrane, as well as bilateral pulmonary infiltrates & severe hypoxia
Acute Bronchitis - ANSWER-inflamed bronchi and bronchiole tubes;
can turn into pneumonia if untreated
ARDS Memory Jogger - ANSWER-Assault to the pulmonary system
Respiratory distress
Decreased lung compliance
Severe respiratory failure
Asthma - ANSWER-- hyperreactive airway disease
- chronic inflammatory disorder causing reversible airway constriction
due to bronchial hyperreactivity
- each asthma attack remodels/makes inflammatory changes in the
bronchioles, so treatment aims to prevent these attacks!
- Occurs in about 7-14% of the US population
- Most common chronic disease in childhood
- Twice as many boys
- Mild to life threatening
- Triggered by allergens & by stimuli
,Bronchiectasis - ANSWER-dilation of bronchi, uncommon disease
Causes of Hyperventilation - ANSWER-- hypoxic stimulation (too little
PaO2)
- anxiety, fear (breathing fast when scared)
- fever (your heart is racing)
- sepsis (stimulates respiratory center)
- brain stem injury (impaired consciousness and reflexes)
Causes of Hypoventilation - ANSWER-- medication (alters breathing)
- obesity (too big to breathe)
- pain (hurts to breathe)
- sleep apnea (breathing interrupted in sleep)
- paralysis (too frozen to breathe, you're on autopilot mode)
Chronic Bronchitis/Type B COPD - ANSWER-- hypersecretion of mucus
in the large & small airways w/ hypoxia and cyanosis
- more serious, people have it for many years
- in the long haul, the bronchioles are going to be scarred & will cause
difficulty in patients breathing
Common Cold/Rhinitis - ANSWER-- viral infection of the upper
respiratory system
- inflammation and irritation of mucous membranes of the nasal
passages
, Cystic Fibrosis - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder of the exocrine
glands
Diffusion - ANSWER-- the air that's being sent to the alveoli
- gases are moving between the air spaces in your lungs and blood
stream constantly
think of a diffusor spreading essential oil vapor into the air
Early S/S of respiratory failure - ANSWER-- Rapid/Shallow breathing
- ↑ inspiratory muscle movement
Emphysema/Type A COPD - ANSWER-- characteristic finding is
overdistention of alveoli with trapped air, which creates obstruction to
expiratory airflow, loss of elastic recoil of alveoli, high residual volume
of CO2 in lungs
- Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Most people that get emphysema don't have this
- It breaks down the alveolar walls.
Etiology for Acute Bronchitis - ANSWER-- Acute inflammation of
trachea & bronchi
- Highest incidence: Smokers, Young children, Elderly, Winter months
- 80% viral in origin
- Other causes: Bacterial infections, Smoking, Toxic exposures, Allergic
reactions
Guide Questions Merged With Correct
Complete Solutions | Already Graded
A+ | 2026-2027 Latest Update!!!
4 major types of lung cancer - ANSWER-- squamous cell
- adenocarcinoma
- large cell
- small cell (oat cell)
know that small cell tends to rapidly grow and metastasize, while non-
small cell or large cell tends to develop more subtly over a longer
period
squamous, adenocarcinoma, and large cell are all non-small cancers
,Acute (Adult) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - ANSWER-
pulmonary dysfunction characterized by damage to alveoli, capillary
membrane, as well as bilateral pulmonary infiltrates & severe hypoxia
Acute Bronchitis - ANSWER-inflamed bronchi and bronchiole tubes;
can turn into pneumonia if untreated
ARDS Memory Jogger - ANSWER-Assault to the pulmonary system
Respiratory distress
Decreased lung compliance
Severe respiratory failure
Asthma - ANSWER-- hyperreactive airway disease
- chronic inflammatory disorder causing reversible airway constriction
due to bronchial hyperreactivity
- each asthma attack remodels/makes inflammatory changes in the
bronchioles, so treatment aims to prevent these attacks!
- Occurs in about 7-14% of the US population
- Most common chronic disease in childhood
- Twice as many boys
- Mild to life threatening
- Triggered by allergens & by stimuli
,Bronchiectasis - ANSWER-dilation of bronchi, uncommon disease
Causes of Hyperventilation - ANSWER-- hypoxic stimulation (too little
PaO2)
- anxiety, fear (breathing fast when scared)
- fever (your heart is racing)
- sepsis (stimulates respiratory center)
- brain stem injury (impaired consciousness and reflexes)
Causes of Hypoventilation - ANSWER-- medication (alters breathing)
- obesity (too big to breathe)
- pain (hurts to breathe)
- sleep apnea (breathing interrupted in sleep)
- paralysis (too frozen to breathe, you're on autopilot mode)
Chronic Bronchitis/Type B COPD - ANSWER-- hypersecretion of mucus
in the large & small airways w/ hypoxia and cyanosis
- more serious, people have it for many years
- in the long haul, the bronchioles are going to be scarred & will cause
difficulty in patients breathing
Common Cold/Rhinitis - ANSWER-- viral infection of the upper
respiratory system
- inflammation and irritation of mucous membranes of the nasal
passages
, Cystic Fibrosis - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder of the exocrine
glands
Diffusion - ANSWER-- the air that's being sent to the alveoli
- gases are moving between the air spaces in your lungs and blood
stream constantly
think of a diffusor spreading essential oil vapor into the air
Early S/S of respiratory failure - ANSWER-- Rapid/Shallow breathing
- ↑ inspiratory muscle movement
Emphysema/Type A COPD - ANSWER-- characteristic finding is
overdistention of alveoli with trapped air, which creates obstruction to
expiratory airflow, loss of elastic recoil of alveoli, high residual volume
of CO2 in lungs
- Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Most people that get emphysema don't have this
- It breaks down the alveolar walls.
Etiology for Acute Bronchitis - ANSWER-- Acute inflammation of
trachea & bronchi
- Highest incidence: Smokers, Young children, Elderly, Winter months
- 80% viral in origin
- Other causes: Bacterial infections, Smoking, Toxic exposures, Allergic
reactions
