MED SURG EXAM 2 RENAL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE
KIDNEY AND URINARY SYSTEM
NURSING STUDY GUIDE 2026 | GRADED
A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers | 100% Verified
Exam Prep and Comprehensive Rationales Included
,1. The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with acute 4. Medications such as nonsteroidal
renal failure (ARF). Which anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and
question is most important for the nurse to ask during the some herbal remedies are nephrotoxic;
admission interview? therefore, asking about medications is
1. "Have you recently traveled outside the United States?" appropriate.
2. "Did you recently begin a vigorous exercise program?"
3. "Is there a chance you have been exposed to a virus?"
4. "What over-the-counter medications do you take
regularly?"
2. The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with ARF. 1. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels reflect
Which laboratory values are most the balance between the production and
significant for diagnosing ARF? excretion of urea from the kidneys.
1. BUN and creatinine. Creatinine is a by-product of the metabolism
2. WBC and hemoglobin. of the muscles and is excreted by
3. Potassium and sodium. the kidneys. Creatinine is the ideal substance
4. Bilirubin and ammonia level. for determining renal clearance
because it is relatively constant in the
body and is the laboratory value most
significant in diagnosing renal failure.
3. The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with rule-out 2. Hypotension, which causes a decreased
ARF. Which condition blood supply to the kidney, is one of the
predisposes the client to developing prerenal failure? most common causes of prerenal failure
1. Diabetes mellitus. (before the kidney).
2. Hypotension.
3. Aminoglycosides.
4. Benign prostatic hypertrophy.
,4. The client is diagnosed with ARF. Which 1,2,3
signs/symptoms indicate to the nurse the
client is in the recovery period? Select all that apply.
1. Increased alertness and no seizure activity.
2. Increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit.
3. Denial of nausea and vomiting.
4. Decreased urine-specific gravity.
5. Increased serum creatinine level.
5. The client diagnosed with ARF has a serum potassium 4. Normal potassium level is 3.5 to
level of 6.8 mEq/L. Which 5.5 mEq/L. A level of 6.8 mEq/L is life
collaborative treatment should the nurse anticipate for threatening and could lead to cardiac
the client? dysrhythmias. Therefore, the client may
1. Administer a phosphate binder. be dialyzed to decrease the potassium
2. Type and crossmatch for whole blood. level quickly. This requires a health-care
3. Assess the client for leg cramps. provider order, so it is a collaborative
4. Prepare the client for dialysis. intervention.
6. The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client 3. Renal failure causes an imbalance of
diagnosed with ARF. Which electrolytes (potassium, sodium, calcium,
statement is an appropriate outcome for the client? phosphorus). Therefore, the desired
1. Monitor intake and output every shift. client outcome is electrolytes within
2. Decrease of pain by 3 levels on a 1-10 scale. normal limits.
3. Electrolytes are within normal limits.
4. Administer enemas to decrease hyperkalemia.
7. The client diagnosed with ARF is admitted to the 3. Carbohydrates are increased to provide
intensive care unit and placed on a for the client's caloric intake and protein
therapeutic diet. Which diet is most appropriate for the is restricted to minimize protein
client? breakdown and to prevent accumulation
1. A high-potassium and low-calcium diet. of toxic waste products.
2. A low-fat and low-cholesterol diet.
3. A high-carbohydrate and restricted-protein diet.
4. A regular diet with six (6) small feedings a day.
, 8. The client diagnosed with ARF is placed on bedrest. 2. Bedrest reduces exertion and the
The client asks the nurse, "Why metabolic rate, thereby reducing
do I have to stay in bed? I don't feel bad." Which scientific catabolism and subsequent release of
rationale supports the potassium and accumulation of
nurse's response? endogenous waste products (urea and
1. Bedrest helps increase the blood return to the renal creatinine).
circulation.
2. Bedrest reduces the metabolic rate during the acute
stage.
3. Bedrest decreases the workload of the left side of the
heart.
4. Bedrest aids in reduction of peripheral and sacral
edema.
9. The nurse and an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) 1. The UAP can collect specimens.
are caring for clients on a Collecting a midstream urine specimen
medical floor. Which nursing task is most appropriate for requires the client to clean the perineal
the nurse to delegate? area, to urinate a little, and then collect
1. Collect a clean voided midstream urine specimen. the rest of the urine output in a sterile
2. Evaluate the client's 8-hour intake and output. container.
3. Assist in checking a unit of blood prior to hanging.
4. Administer a cation-exchange resin enema.
10. The client is admitted to the emergency department 1. Preventing and treating shock with
after a gunshot wound to the blood and fluid replacement will
abdomen. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prevent acute renal failure from
implement first to prevent hypoperfusion of the kidneys.
ARF? Significant blood loss is expected in
1. Administer normal saline IV. the client with a gunshot wound.
2. Take vital signs.
3. Place client on telemetry.
4. Assess abdominal dressing.
11. The UAP tells the nurse the client with ARF has a white 2. These crystals are uremic frost resulting
crystal-like layer on top of from irritating toxins deposited in the
the skin. Which intervention should the nurse implement? client's tissues. Bathing in cool water
1. Have the assistant apply a moisture barrier cream to the will remove the crystals, promote client
skin. comfort, and decrease the itching
2. Instruct the UAP to bathe the client in cool water. resulting from uremic frost.
3. Tell the UAP not to turn the client in this condition.
4. Explain this is normal and do not do anything for the
client.
12. The client diagnosed with ARF is experiencing 3. Regular insulin, along with glucose,
hyperkalemia. Which medication will drive potassium into the cells,
should the nurse prepare to administer to help decrease thereby lowering serum potassium
the potassium level? levels temporarily.
1. Erythropoietin.
2. Calcium gluconate.
3. Regular insulin.
4. Osmotic diuretic.
AND ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE
KIDNEY AND URINARY SYSTEM
NURSING STUDY GUIDE 2026 | GRADED
A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers | 100% Verified
Exam Prep and Comprehensive Rationales Included
,1. The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with acute 4. Medications such as nonsteroidal
renal failure (ARF). Which anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and
question is most important for the nurse to ask during the some herbal remedies are nephrotoxic;
admission interview? therefore, asking about medications is
1. "Have you recently traveled outside the United States?" appropriate.
2. "Did you recently begin a vigorous exercise program?"
3. "Is there a chance you have been exposed to a virus?"
4. "What over-the-counter medications do you take
regularly?"
2. The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with ARF. 1. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels reflect
Which laboratory values are most the balance between the production and
significant for diagnosing ARF? excretion of urea from the kidneys.
1. BUN and creatinine. Creatinine is a by-product of the metabolism
2. WBC and hemoglobin. of the muscles and is excreted by
3. Potassium and sodium. the kidneys. Creatinine is the ideal substance
4. Bilirubin and ammonia level. for determining renal clearance
because it is relatively constant in the
body and is the laboratory value most
significant in diagnosing renal failure.
3. The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with rule-out 2. Hypotension, which causes a decreased
ARF. Which condition blood supply to the kidney, is one of the
predisposes the client to developing prerenal failure? most common causes of prerenal failure
1. Diabetes mellitus. (before the kidney).
2. Hypotension.
3. Aminoglycosides.
4. Benign prostatic hypertrophy.
,4. The client is diagnosed with ARF. Which 1,2,3
signs/symptoms indicate to the nurse the
client is in the recovery period? Select all that apply.
1. Increased alertness and no seizure activity.
2. Increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit.
3. Denial of nausea and vomiting.
4. Decreased urine-specific gravity.
5. Increased serum creatinine level.
5. The client diagnosed with ARF has a serum potassium 4. Normal potassium level is 3.5 to
level of 6.8 mEq/L. Which 5.5 mEq/L. A level of 6.8 mEq/L is life
collaborative treatment should the nurse anticipate for threatening and could lead to cardiac
the client? dysrhythmias. Therefore, the client may
1. Administer a phosphate binder. be dialyzed to decrease the potassium
2. Type and crossmatch for whole blood. level quickly. This requires a health-care
3. Assess the client for leg cramps. provider order, so it is a collaborative
4. Prepare the client for dialysis. intervention.
6. The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client 3. Renal failure causes an imbalance of
diagnosed with ARF. Which electrolytes (potassium, sodium, calcium,
statement is an appropriate outcome for the client? phosphorus). Therefore, the desired
1. Monitor intake and output every shift. client outcome is electrolytes within
2. Decrease of pain by 3 levels on a 1-10 scale. normal limits.
3. Electrolytes are within normal limits.
4. Administer enemas to decrease hyperkalemia.
7. The client diagnosed with ARF is admitted to the 3. Carbohydrates are increased to provide
intensive care unit and placed on a for the client's caloric intake and protein
therapeutic diet. Which diet is most appropriate for the is restricted to minimize protein
client? breakdown and to prevent accumulation
1. A high-potassium and low-calcium diet. of toxic waste products.
2. A low-fat and low-cholesterol diet.
3. A high-carbohydrate and restricted-protein diet.
4. A regular diet with six (6) small feedings a day.
, 8. The client diagnosed with ARF is placed on bedrest. 2. Bedrest reduces exertion and the
The client asks the nurse, "Why metabolic rate, thereby reducing
do I have to stay in bed? I don't feel bad." Which scientific catabolism and subsequent release of
rationale supports the potassium and accumulation of
nurse's response? endogenous waste products (urea and
1. Bedrest helps increase the blood return to the renal creatinine).
circulation.
2. Bedrest reduces the metabolic rate during the acute
stage.
3. Bedrest decreases the workload of the left side of the
heart.
4. Bedrest aids in reduction of peripheral and sacral
edema.
9. The nurse and an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) 1. The UAP can collect specimens.
are caring for clients on a Collecting a midstream urine specimen
medical floor. Which nursing task is most appropriate for requires the client to clean the perineal
the nurse to delegate? area, to urinate a little, and then collect
1. Collect a clean voided midstream urine specimen. the rest of the urine output in a sterile
2. Evaluate the client's 8-hour intake and output. container.
3. Assist in checking a unit of blood prior to hanging.
4. Administer a cation-exchange resin enema.
10. The client is admitted to the emergency department 1. Preventing and treating shock with
after a gunshot wound to the blood and fluid replacement will
abdomen. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prevent acute renal failure from
implement first to prevent hypoperfusion of the kidneys.
ARF? Significant blood loss is expected in
1. Administer normal saline IV. the client with a gunshot wound.
2. Take vital signs.
3. Place client on telemetry.
4. Assess abdominal dressing.
11. The UAP tells the nurse the client with ARF has a white 2. These crystals are uremic frost resulting
crystal-like layer on top of from irritating toxins deposited in the
the skin. Which intervention should the nurse implement? client's tissues. Bathing in cool water
1. Have the assistant apply a moisture barrier cream to the will remove the crystals, promote client
skin. comfort, and decrease the itching
2. Instruct the UAP to bathe the client in cool water. resulting from uremic frost.
3. Tell the UAP not to turn the client in this condition.
4. Explain this is normal and do not do anything for the
client.
12. The client diagnosed with ARF is experiencing 3. Regular insulin, along with glucose,
hyperkalemia. Which medication will drive potassium into the cells,
should the nurse prepare to administer to help decrease thereby lowering serum potassium
the potassium level? levels temporarily.
1. Erythropoietin.
2. Calcium gluconate.
3. Regular insulin.
4. Osmotic diuretic.
