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Acute Cholecystitis - ANSWER-acute inflammation of the gallbladder
wall
Acute Cholecystitis: S&S - ANSWER-> Acute severe right upper
abdominal pain
> Fever
> May have bacterial component
> Nausea
Acute Cholecystitis: Treatment - ANSWER-> Pre-treatment with
antibiotics
> Percutaneous catheter drainage or endoscopic drainage with stent
placement may be performed to relieve obstruction
> Surgical removal
Acute Diarrhea causes: - ANSWER-> Infection
,> Stress
> Food allergy
>Leakage of stool around an impaction
Acute Gastritis causes - ANSWER-> Overuse of alcohol
> Aspirin
> NSAIDS
> Tobacco use
Acute Gastroenteritis - ANSWER-> Direct bacterial invasion of GI tract
> Ingestion of bacteria
> Imbalance of normal flora may predispose to "travelers"
gastroenteritis
Acute glomerulonephritis-Etiology - ANSWER-*More common in men
than women
*A leading cause of chronic ESRD
*Wide variety of triggers
--Bacterial (usual trigger)
--Viral
--Parasitic
--Systemic disease
Acute glomerulonephritis: Diagnosis - ANSWER--Patient history
-Clinical manifestations
,-Urinalysis
-BUN and Creatinine levels
Acute glomerulonephritis: S&S - ANSWER--Smoky or coffee colored
urine
-Proteinuria
-Edema
-Hypertension
-Oliguria
-Increased BUN/Creatinine
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - ANSWER-Characterized by abrupt
deterioration of renal function
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Risk Factors - ANSWER--Diabetes
-Malignancies
-Heart failure
-Liver failure
-Hypertension
-Atherosclerosis
-Exposure to nephrotoxic drugs
-Advanced age
Acute pancreatitis - ANSWER-acute inflammation of pancreas
Acute pancreatitis: S&S - ANSWER-> Increasing pain in LUQ
, > Radiates to back
> Nausea/vomiting
> Abdominal distension
> Tenderness
> Hypoactive bowel sounds
> Fever
Acute pancreatitis: Treatment - ANSWER-> NPO
--Nasogastric suctioning
--TPN
> IV fluids
> Pain management
> Nutritional support
Acute Pyelonephritis: Complications - ANSWER--Septic shock
-ARDS
-Chronic kidney disease due to scarring
Acute Pyelonephritis: Etiology - ANSWER--Pregnancy is major risk
factor due to alterations in urinary tract
-Diabetes-vesicoureteral reflux
-Highest incidence in young women, infants, the elderly
-Causative organism: Ecoli in most cases
-Unilateral or bilateral