MN 553 FINAL REVIEW 2026 MOCK PAPER
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW NOTES ANALYTICAL
SUMMARY
◉ Schema.
Answer: abstract knowledge stored in memory, richly organized
networks of knowledge
◉ the cognitive orientation.
Answer: reading and learning are active processes
◉ constructivism.
Answer: emphasizes that learning and reading are active and
constructive processes
◉ automaticity.
Answer: decoding quickly, recognize words and assign meaning;
allows readers to decode and comprehend simultaneously
◉ metacognition.
Answer: ability to employ fix-up strategies when meaning breaks
down, active awareness of one's text comprehension
,◉ scaffolding.
Answer: guiding students toward proficiency; a process that enables
a child or novice to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a
goal, which would be beyond his unassisted efforts
◉ zone of proximal development.
Answer: social nature of learning; the range of tasks in which a child
can achieve if they are assisted by a more knowledgeable or more
competent other
◉ Matthew effect.
Answer: rich get richer, the poor get poorer; reversible, children who
read well tend to read more; children who struggle in reading read
less
◉ Phonemic Awareness.
Answer: the understanding that words are composed of sounds that
can be manipulated
◉ phoneme.
Answer: smallest sound in a language
◉ alphabetic principle.
, Answer: phonemes are represented by letters; imperfect
correspondence btw phonemes and letters
◉ pre-alphabetic.
Answer: visual cues
◉ partial alphabetic.
Answer: initial/final letters
◉ full alphabetic.
Answer: well developed letter-sound (can decode)
◉ consolidated alphabetic.
Answer: larger units (rimes/chunks)
◉ processes involved in reading words.
Answer: sight word reading, decoding, analogizing, contextual
guessing
◉ sight word reading.
Answer: whole unit by sight
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW NOTES ANALYTICAL
SUMMARY
◉ Schema.
Answer: abstract knowledge stored in memory, richly organized
networks of knowledge
◉ the cognitive orientation.
Answer: reading and learning are active processes
◉ constructivism.
Answer: emphasizes that learning and reading are active and
constructive processes
◉ automaticity.
Answer: decoding quickly, recognize words and assign meaning;
allows readers to decode and comprehend simultaneously
◉ metacognition.
Answer: ability to employ fix-up strategies when meaning breaks
down, active awareness of one's text comprehension
,◉ scaffolding.
Answer: guiding students toward proficiency; a process that enables
a child or novice to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a
goal, which would be beyond his unassisted efforts
◉ zone of proximal development.
Answer: social nature of learning; the range of tasks in which a child
can achieve if they are assisted by a more knowledgeable or more
competent other
◉ Matthew effect.
Answer: rich get richer, the poor get poorer; reversible, children who
read well tend to read more; children who struggle in reading read
less
◉ Phonemic Awareness.
Answer: the understanding that words are composed of sounds that
can be manipulated
◉ phoneme.
Answer: smallest sound in a language
◉ alphabetic principle.
, Answer: phonemes are represented by letters; imperfect
correspondence btw phonemes and letters
◉ pre-alphabetic.
Answer: visual cues
◉ partial alphabetic.
Answer: initial/final letters
◉ full alphabetic.
Answer: well developed letter-sound (can decode)
◉ consolidated alphabetic.
Answer: larger units (rimes/chunks)
◉ processes involved in reading words.
Answer: sight word reading, decoding, analogizing, contextual
guessing
◉ sight word reading.
Answer: whole unit by sight
