ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
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lung cancer etiology - ANSWER-- 85% associated w/
smoking, asbestos
exposure, age
over 50
lung cancer: squamous cell - ANSWER-- 25-35% of cases,
can be detected
early and in
sputum
- originates bronchial tree, moves to
lymph nodes
lung cancer: adenocarcinoma - ANSWER-- originates in
periphery of lung, not
diagnosed as early, metastizes to
distant organs
lung cancer: large cell carcinoma - ANSWER-- develop in
periphery, cells large
,and in clusters, metastize to
distant organs
lung cancer: small cell carcinoma - ANSWER-- oat cell, causes
airway compression and wheezing, rapid growth, widespread
metastasi, most difficult to treat
lung cancer s&s - ANSWER-- depends on location/size/time
of diagnosis - asymptomatic, dyspnea, cough, increased
sputum, horseness, chest pain, anemia
lung cancer diagnosis - ANSWER-- bronchoscopy, pleural
fluid samples,
elimination of tissue by biopsy, chest x-
ray findings
lung cancer treatment - ANSWER-surgery, chemotherapy,
radiation therapy,
targeted
therapy
asthma (hyperreactive airway disease) - ANSWER-- most
common chronic
disease in childhood, triggered by allergens
and stimuli
asthma etiology - ANSWER-- most common chronic disease in
childhood, boys
,- mild-life
threatening
- triggered by allergens and
stimuli
asthma triggers - ANSWER-non allergic:
- middle age, less favorable prognosis
- precipitated by respiratory infections, exercise, exposure to
pulmonary irritants, food allergic:
- begin in childhood, family history
- pollen, animal dander, house dust, mold, feathers, chemicals
asthma pathogenesis - ANSWER-- mediated by Ige after
exposure to antigen
- release of inflammatory chemicals by mast
cells in airway
- airway inflammation: bronchospasm, mucosal edema,
airway scarring
- can lead to COPD, tighten muscles
construct airway
asthma s&s: - ANSWER-- wheezing from airway
constriction
- chest
tightness
- dyspnea (SOB), increased sputum
production
, asthma treatment - ANSWER-prevention:
avoid triggers
med: bronchodilator, steroids,
O2 therapy
acute bronchitis - ANSWER-- acute inflammation of trachea and
bronchi
- smokers, younger children, elderly, winter
- 80% viral in origin, others bacterial infections, smoking, toxic
exposures
acute bronchitis pathogenisis - ANSWER-- airways become
inflamed and narrowed from capillary dilation
- swelling from exudative fluid
- increased mucous, decreased function of cilia
acute bronchitis s&s: - ANSWER-- fever, malaise, cough, sore
throat, nasal drip
acute bronchitis diagnosis - ANSWER-- clinical
presentation: acute cough,
purulent sputum,
elevated WBC
acute bronchitis treatment - ANSWER-- supportive care:
cough meds, self
limiting, antibiotics for
bacterial