NU 327 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED AND WELL
ANALYZED SOLUTIONS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | 2026-2027
LATEST UPDATE!!!
2nd line of defense - ANSWER-- body cells continuously make CO2
- H2O and CO2 = carbonic acid (H2CO3)
- lungs excrete carbonic acid and water
- only effective when lungs are normal
3rd life of defense (renal system) - ANSWER-- kidneys can excrete any
acid except carbonic
- kidneys excrete metabolic acid (excrete or retain H+, HCO3)
- only effective if kidneys are functioning normally
- HCO3 = INDICATOR OF RENAL EFFECTIVENESS
accessory muscles & when they're used - ANSWER-- scalene,
trapezius, pectorialis major, sternocleidomastoid, internal intercostals,
abd muscles
,- used for labored breathing, when the diaphragm, lungs and
intercostals are unable to provide adequate ventilation
acid - ANSWER-large amount of H+ ions, low pH
acid/base regulation - ANSWER-pH is result of this
acute bronchitis - ANSWER-- acute inflammation of trachea and
bronchi
- smokers, younger children, elderly, winter
- 80% viral in origin, others bacterial infections, smoking, toxic
exposures
acute bronchitis diagnosis - ANSWER-- clinical presentation: acute
cough, purulent sputum, elevated WBC
acute bronchitis pathogenesis - ANSWER-- airways become inflamed
and narrowed from capillary dilation
- swelling from exudative fluid
- increased mucous, decreased function of cilia
acute bronchitis s&s: - ANSWER-- fever, malaise, cough, sore throat,
nasal drip
acute bronchitis treatment - ANSWER-- supportive care: cough meds,
self limiting, antibiotics for bacterial
acute respiratory distress syndrome - ANSWER-- defined by damage to
alveolar capillary membrane
- 20-90% mortality
- hypoxemia refractory to increasing levels of O2
, - associated with trauma, shock, sepsis, aspiration of gastric acid, fat
emboli
acute respiratory failure - ANSWER-state of disturbed gas exchange
resulting in abnormal arterial blood gas values (ABGs)
acute respiratory failure causes - ANSWER-- failure of respiration or
oxygenation leading to hypoxemia
- failure of ventilation leading to hypercapnia (HIGH CO2)
- lung diseases (asthma, emphysema, pneumonia)
acute respiratory failure general features - ANSWER-- DYSPNEA,
confusion, decreased LOC
- early signs include rapid and shallow breathing
acute respiratory failure treatment - ANSWER-- vent support: airway
patency, PaO2 > 60, O2 sat > 90
- supportive care: emotional, pain management, nutrition
- treatment of underlying process
- support all organ systems
alkaline (base) - ANSWER-few H+ ions, high pH
ARDS - ANSWER-•Assault to the pulmonary system
•Respiratory distress
•Decreased lung compliance
•Severe respiratory failure
ARDS diagnosis - ANSWER-- hypoxemia refractory to O2 (ABG)
CORRECT VERIFIED AND WELL
ANALYZED SOLUTIONS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | 2026-2027
LATEST UPDATE!!!
2nd line of defense - ANSWER-- body cells continuously make CO2
- H2O and CO2 = carbonic acid (H2CO3)
- lungs excrete carbonic acid and water
- only effective when lungs are normal
3rd life of defense (renal system) - ANSWER-- kidneys can excrete any
acid except carbonic
- kidneys excrete metabolic acid (excrete or retain H+, HCO3)
- only effective if kidneys are functioning normally
- HCO3 = INDICATOR OF RENAL EFFECTIVENESS
accessory muscles & when they're used - ANSWER-- scalene,
trapezius, pectorialis major, sternocleidomastoid, internal intercostals,
abd muscles
,- used for labored breathing, when the diaphragm, lungs and
intercostals are unable to provide adequate ventilation
acid - ANSWER-large amount of H+ ions, low pH
acid/base regulation - ANSWER-pH is result of this
acute bronchitis - ANSWER-- acute inflammation of trachea and
bronchi
- smokers, younger children, elderly, winter
- 80% viral in origin, others bacterial infections, smoking, toxic
exposures
acute bronchitis diagnosis - ANSWER-- clinical presentation: acute
cough, purulent sputum, elevated WBC
acute bronchitis pathogenesis - ANSWER-- airways become inflamed
and narrowed from capillary dilation
- swelling from exudative fluid
- increased mucous, decreased function of cilia
acute bronchitis s&s: - ANSWER-- fever, malaise, cough, sore throat,
nasal drip
acute bronchitis treatment - ANSWER-- supportive care: cough meds,
self limiting, antibiotics for bacterial
acute respiratory distress syndrome - ANSWER-- defined by damage to
alveolar capillary membrane
- 20-90% mortality
- hypoxemia refractory to increasing levels of O2
, - associated with trauma, shock, sepsis, aspiration of gastric acid, fat
emboli
acute respiratory failure - ANSWER-state of disturbed gas exchange
resulting in abnormal arterial blood gas values (ABGs)
acute respiratory failure causes - ANSWER-- failure of respiration or
oxygenation leading to hypoxemia
- failure of ventilation leading to hypercapnia (HIGH CO2)
- lung diseases (asthma, emphysema, pneumonia)
acute respiratory failure general features - ANSWER-- DYSPNEA,
confusion, decreased LOC
- early signs include rapid and shallow breathing
acute respiratory failure treatment - ANSWER-- vent support: airway
patency, PaO2 > 60, O2 sat > 90
- supportive care: emotional, pain management, nutrition
- treatment of underlying process
- support all organ systems
alkaline (base) - ANSWER-few H+ ions, high pH
ARDS - ANSWER-•Assault to the pulmonary system
•Respiratory distress
•Decreased lung compliance
•Severe respiratory failure
ARDS diagnosis - ANSWER-- hypoxemia refractory to O2 (ABG)
