MN 553 UNIT 5 MIDTERM SCRIPT 2026 TEST
PAPER SOLUTIONS
◉ surveillance. Answer: systematic collection of data on a
population
◉ active surveillance. Answer: Local or state health departments
initiate the collection of information from laboratories, physicians,
health care providers, or the general population; EX surveys... "we go
to you"
◉ syndromic surveillance. Answer: The ongoing, systematic
collection, analysis ,interpretation, and application of real-time
indicators for disease that allow for detection before public health
authorities might otherwise identify them; EX hospital admittance
records
◉ passive surveillance. Answer: easy to collect but misses a portion
of the population
◉ active surveillance. Answer: more complete reporting but harder
to gather data
,◉ latent stage. Answer: period from initial infection and becoming
infectious
◉ incubation stage. Answer: period from initial infection to the
exhibition of symptoms
◉ infectivity. Answer: the ability of a pathogen to establish an
infection (ease of movement)
◉ pathogenicity. Answer: the ability of an organism to cause disease
(do you get sick?)
◉ virulence. Answer: the degree of pathogenicity caused by an
organism (how sick do you get?)
◉ case fatality rate. Answer: proxy for virulence; proportion of how
many individuals infected with disease actually die
◉ attack rate. Answer: proxy for pathogenicity/infectivity;
proportional rate of how many people exposed actually do get sick
◉ r naught. Answer: indicates how infectious a disease is; number of
cases that emerge from a single initial case; AKA reproduction
number
, ◉ cross sectional study. Answer: study which uses group
associations; epidemiologist defines the target population, then
collects data from the population or a subset of the population at
one specific point in time.
◉ case control study. Answer: compares people who have the
disease to those that do not; generally retrospective and
observational, to estimate odds; good for rare diseases but can rely
on old data
◉ cohort study. Answer: group is followed over a period of time with
subsequent status evaluations to determine exposure characteristics
associated; gives a temporal record but time consuming and hard to
randomize
◉ group association. Answer: makes a hypothesis about the cause of
a disease without having information on specific individuals within
the group; can be somewhat misleading on the individual level
(confounding variables)
◉ correlation. Answer: the process of establishing a relationship or
connection between two or more measures
PAPER SOLUTIONS
◉ surveillance. Answer: systematic collection of data on a
population
◉ active surveillance. Answer: Local or state health departments
initiate the collection of information from laboratories, physicians,
health care providers, or the general population; EX surveys... "we go
to you"
◉ syndromic surveillance. Answer: The ongoing, systematic
collection, analysis ,interpretation, and application of real-time
indicators for disease that allow for detection before public health
authorities might otherwise identify them; EX hospital admittance
records
◉ passive surveillance. Answer: easy to collect but misses a portion
of the population
◉ active surveillance. Answer: more complete reporting but harder
to gather data
,◉ latent stage. Answer: period from initial infection and becoming
infectious
◉ incubation stage. Answer: period from initial infection to the
exhibition of symptoms
◉ infectivity. Answer: the ability of a pathogen to establish an
infection (ease of movement)
◉ pathogenicity. Answer: the ability of an organism to cause disease
(do you get sick?)
◉ virulence. Answer: the degree of pathogenicity caused by an
organism (how sick do you get?)
◉ case fatality rate. Answer: proxy for virulence; proportion of how
many individuals infected with disease actually die
◉ attack rate. Answer: proxy for pathogenicity/infectivity;
proportional rate of how many people exposed actually do get sick
◉ r naught. Answer: indicates how infectious a disease is; number of
cases that emerge from a single initial case; AKA reproduction
number
, ◉ cross sectional study. Answer: study which uses group
associations; epidemiologist defines the target population, then
collects data from the population or a subset of the population at
one specific point in time.
◉ case control study. Answer: compares people who have the
disease to those that do not; generally retrospective and
observational, to estimate odds; good for rare diseases but can rely
on old data
◉ cohort study. Answer: group is followed over a period of time with
subsequent status evaluations to determine exposure characteristics
associated; gives a temporal record but time consuming and hard to
randomize
◉ group association. Answer: makes a hypothesis about the cause of
a disease without having information on specific individuals within
the group; can be somewhat misleading on the individual level
(confounding variables)
◉ correlation. Answer: the process of establishing a relationship or
connection between two or more measures
