Higher Human biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_joawos
1. What are germline cells They are found in ovaries and testis and can divide by mitosis then
meiosis
2. What is cellular differenti- the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific
ation? function
3. What are somatic cells Somatic cells are any cell in the body other than cells involved in
reproduction, they divide by mitosis
4. What are stem cells? unspecialised cells which can divide into many types of cells
5. How many chromosomes They have 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs
do humans have
6. What is differentiation The process in which an un-specialised cells becomes specialised.
7. What are embryonic stem Unspecialised cells that can develop into any type of cell
cells?
8. What are the differences Embryonic are able to divide into any type of cell so are pluripotent.
between embryonic and Tissue stem cells are only able to divide into a limited amount of cells
tissue stem cells of the same type, they are multipotent
9. Where are tissue stem Skin or bone marrow
cells found?
10. Gives examples of both Tissue - bone marrow, phagocytes, lymphocytes
cells Embryonic - gametes
11. What can stem cells in differentiate into blood cells, platelets, phagocytes and lymphocytes
bone marrow do?
12. Therapeutic- repair of damaged or diseased organs or tissues
Research- create model cells to study how diseases develop.
, Higher Human biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_joawos
What are the therapeutic
and research uses of stem
cells
13. what do somatic cells di- mitosis to produce more somatic stem cells
vide by?
14. What do germline cells di- Mitosis then meiosis to produce haploid gamete
vide by?
15. Describe the antiparallel -Runs in a 3' to 5' direction and opposite on other
structure -has deoxyribose at the 3' and 5' at phosphate at end
16. What are chromosomes Tightly coiled DNA and packaged with associated proteins.
composed of?
17. Describe the stages of - DNA strands unwound and unzipped
replication of DNA? - The weak hydrogen bonds are then broken
- DNA polymerase requires a primer to start replication
- DNA polymerase adds free nucleotides
- DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in a 3' to 5' direction,
cause on to be replicated continuously and other in fragments
- Ligase then joins the completed stand.
18. what is a DNA polymerase An enzyme which adds free nucleotides during DNA replication
19. What is a primer A primer is a short complementary strand of nucleotides which binds
to the 3' end of the template.
20. What are the stages of Step 1 - separate the strands (92 to 98)
PCR? Step 2 - Cooled to allow primer to bind to target sequence (50-65)
Step 3 - Heated to allow heat tolerant DNA polymerase to replicate
(70-80)
, Higher Human biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_joawos
21. What are the applications Used to amplify DNA and can be used to confirm the presence of of
of PCR? individuals at crime scenes
22. What does gene expres- transcription then translation.
sion involve? Only a fraction of the genes in a cell are expressed.
23. What are the differences DNA: double-stranded RNA: single-stranded
between DNA and RNA? DNA has deoxyribose sugar RNA has ribose sugar DNA has bases: A,
T, G, C RNA has bases: A, U, G, C
24. What are the two stages Transcription then translation
that genes are expressed
25. What order is DNA Syn- DNA to mRNA to tRNA
thesized?
26. Where does translation ribosome
occur?
27. where does transcription nucleus
take place
28. Describe transcription - RNA polymerase unwinds and unzips the double helix
- Free RNA nucleotides against DNA nucleotides, which join to form
he primary transcript
- The introns and exons undergo RNA splicing which removes the
introns.
29. What is translation - The production of a polypeptide at a ribosome using information
encoded in mRNA
30. what is alternative RNA some exons may excluded or included in mature transcript
splicing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_joawos
1. What are germline cells They are found in ovaries and testis and can divide by mitosis then
meiosis
2. What is cellular differenti- the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific
ation? function
3. What are somatic cells Somatic cells are any cell in the body other than cells involved in
reproduction, they divide by mitosis
4. What are stem cells? unspecialised cells which can divide into many types of cells
5. How many chromosomes They have 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs
do humans have
6. What is differentiation The process in which an un-specialised cells becomes specialised.
7. What are embryonic stem Unspecialised cells that can develop into any type of cell
cells?
8. What are the differences Embryonic are able to divide into any type of cell so are pluripotent.
between embryonic and Tissue stem cells are only able to divide into a limited amount of cells
tissue stem cells of the same type, they are multipotent
9. Where are tissue stem Skin or bone marrow
cells found?
10. Gives examples of both Tissue - bone marrow, phagocytes, lymphocytes
cells Embryonic - gametes
11. What can stem cells in differentiate into blood cells, platelets, phagocytes and lymphocytes
bone marrow do?
12. Therapeutic- repair of damaged or diseased organs or tissues
Research- create model cells to study how diseases develop.
, Higher Human biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_joawos
What are the therapeutic
and research uses of stem
cells
13. what do somatic cells di- mitosis to produce more somatic stem cells
vide by?
14. What do germline cells di- Mitosis then meiosis to produce haploid gamete
vide by?
15. Describe the antiparallel -Runs in a 3' to 5' direction and opposite on other
structure -has deoxyribose at the 3' and 5' at phosphate at end
16. What are chromosomes Tightly coiled DNA and packaged with associated proteins.
composed of?
17. Describe the stages of - DNA strands unwound and unzipped
replication of DNA? - The weak hydrogen bonds are then broken
- DNA polymerase requires a primer to start replication
- DNA polymerase adds free nucleotides
- DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in a 3' to 5' direction,
cause on to be replicated continuously and other in fragments
- Ligase then joins the completed stand.
18. what is a DNA polymerase An enzyme which adds free nucleotides during DNA replication
19. What is a primer A primer is a short complementary strand of nucleotides which binds
to the 3' end of the template.
20. What are the stages of Step 1 - separate the strands (92 to 98)
PCR? Step 2 - Cooled to allow primer to bind to target sequence (50-65)
Step 3 - Heated to allow heat tolerant DNA polymerase to replicate
(70-80)
, Higher Human biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_joawos
21. What are the applications Used to amplify DNA and can be used to confirm the presence of of
of PCR? individuals at crime scenes
22. What does gene expres- transcription then translation.
sion involve? Only a fraction of the genes in a cell are expressed.
23. What are the differences DNA: double-stranded RNA: single-stranded
between DNA and RNA? DNA has deoxyribose sugar RNA has ribose sugar DNA has bases: A,
T, G, C RNA has bases: A, U, G, C
24. What are the two stages Transcription then translation
that genes are expressed
25. What order is DNA Syn- DNA to mRNA to tRNA
thesized?
26. Where does translation ribosome
occur?
27. where does transcription nucleus
take place
28. Describe transcription - RNA polymerase unwinds and unzips the double helix
- Free RNA nucleotides against DNA nucleotides, which join to form
he primary transcript
- The introns and exons undergo RNA splicing which removes the
introns.
29. What is translation - The production of a polypeptide at a ribosome using information
encoded in mRNA
30. what is alternative RNA some exons may excluded or included in mature transcript
splicing
