BIO 351 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 | GRADED A+.

BIO 351 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 | GRADED A+. Which of the following describes some of the key attributes of embryonic stem cells that made these cells useful for the creation of knockout mice? a. They are pluripotent and can be cultured indefinitely in an undifferentiated state. b. They are monopotent and can be cultured indefinitely in an undifferentiated state. c. They are pluripotent and cannot be cultured indefinitely. d. They are monopotent and cannot be cultured indefinitely. - ANSWER They are pluripotent and can be cultured indefinitely in an undifferentiated state Induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, have a potential that is closest to which of the following? a. blastocyst inner cell mass cell b. epidermal differentiated cell c. radial glial cell of the brain d. lung alveolar type II cell - ANSWER blastocyst inner cell mass cell You have frozen a sample of tissue from the developing hindlimb and would like to analyze the levels of FGF8 protein. Which of the following would be the best technique? a. in situ hybridization b. western blotting c. transcriptomics d. siRNA - ANSWER western blotting Which of the following binds to enhancer sites? a. Transcription factors b. RNA polymerase II c. DNA polymerase d. Spliceosome proteins - ANSWER Transcription factors The engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system is a novel technology for editing the genome. Which of the following must be present to direct Cas9 to the site in the genome. a. loxp sites with the specific gene of interest b. CRISPR regions in the Pax6 gene c. co-expressing a guide RNA complementary to the targeted sequence d. injecting a fertilized zygote with Cas9 bound to a transcription factor that normally binds the targeted region - ANSWER co-expressing a guide RNA complementary to the targeted sequence You have created a knock out of the gene Nkx2.5. Which of the following most accurately describes what you have done? A. Replaced the wild type Nkx2.5 alleles with a neomycin resistance gene in ES cells using homologous recombination. B. Replaced the wild type Nkx2.5 alleles with a neomycin resistance gene in ES cells using nonhomologous recombination. C. Cloned the promoter of Nkx2.5 upstream of green fluorescent protein and introduced it into the genome by nonhomologous recombination. D. Cloned promoter of Nkx2.5 downstream of green fluorescent protein and introduced into the genome by homologous recombination - ANSWER Replaced the wild type Nkx2.5 alleles with a neomycin resistance gene in ES cells using homologous recombination You have a mouse strain that expresses Cre recombinase (Cre) under the control of a heart-specific gene promoter, which of the following is true? A. All cells in the mouse express Cre PROTEIN. B. Cells in the skin will express Cre mRNA. C. Only cells in the heart will express Cre PROTEIN. D. Only cells in the heart will contain DNA encoding Cre - ANSWER Only cells in the heart will express Cre PROTEIN You have created a mouse with several genetic alterations. One is the expression of a transgene encoding Cre Recombinase driven by the Albumin gene promoter, which is specific to the liver. The second is the targeted insertion of place a single floxing: flanking loxp sites around ("floxed") around one allele of "gene X" Embryonic stem (ES) cells represented a scientific breakthrough and allowed for the development of technologies such as knock-out mice. Which of the following best describes the key attributes of ES cells? A. They are monopotent. B. They are pluripotent and can be manipulated in culture. C. They are multipotent but cannot become germ cells. D. They are totipotent and cannot be manipulated in culture - ANSWER They are pluripotent and can be manipulated in culture. What of the following statement is FALSE? A. Just one functional allele of Gene X will will be transcribed in the liver B. The "loxp-Gene X-loxp" DNA sequence will appear in the brain C. There will be two functional alleles of Gene X being transcribed in heart tissue. D. The "loxp-Gene X-loxp" DNA sequence will be in the liver - ANSWER False - The "loxp-Gene X-loxp" DNAsequence will be in the liver You have ES cells that have been electroporated with a targeting vector and survived double selection, this indicates which of the following? A. The targeting vector is not present in the ES cell genome. B. The targeting vector has integrated into the genome at a random location. C. The targeting vector has integrated into the genome via nonhomologous recombination at the target locus. D. The targeting vector has integrated into the genome via homologous recombination at the target locus - ANSWER The targeting vector has integrated into the genome via homologous recombination at the target locus Carbon monoxide has been shown to interfere with the normal formation of somites. If an embryo is briefly exposed to carbon monoxide during the earliest period of somitogenesis, the formation of several somites can be disrupted. Which of the following vertebrae would be most affected? A. Lumbar (lower back) vertebrae