FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
LATEST 2026 EXAM WITH VERIFIED
ANSWER | GRADED A+
Which acid-base imbalance would the nurse suspect after
assessing the following arterial blood gas values: pH, 7.30;
PaCO2, 36 mm Hg; HCO3−, 14 mEq/L?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis Correct Answer C
When either the palm of the hand or the ball of the foot is
touched, the digits wrap around the object Correct Answer Grasp
pH normal values Correct Answer 7.35-7.45
A nurse is administering an oral medication to a patient via a
gastric tube. The nurse observes the medication enter the tube,
and then the tube becomes clogged. What would be the
appropriate initial action of the nurse in this situation?
A. Attempt to dislodge the medication with a 10-mL syringe.
B. Notify the primary care provider.
C. Remove the tube and replace it with another tube.
D. Flush the tube with 60 mL of water. Correct Answer A. If
medication becomes clogged in a gastric tube, the nurse should
attach a 10-mL syringe on the end of the tube and pull back and
lightly apply pressure to the plunger in a repetitive motion to
attempt to dislodge the medication. If the medication does not
,move through the tube, the nurse should notify the primary care
provider, who may request the tube be replaced.
HCO3 normal values Correct Answer 22-26 mEq/L
When does menstruation return for lactating women? Correct
Answer It's dependent on breast feeding frequency and duration.
Anywhere from 2-18 months.
A nurse is teaching a novice nurse how to provide culturally
competent care to patients in a culturally diverse community
health clinic. Although all of the following are important to
providing culturally competent nursing care, which one is most
basic?
A. Learning the predominant language of the community
B. Obtaining significant information about the community
C. Treating each patient at the clinic as an individual
D. Recognizing the importance of the patient's family Correct
Answer C
A nurse witnesses a street robbery and is assessing a 26-year-old
female patient who is the victim. The patient has minor scrapes
and bruises and tells the nurse, "I've never been so scared in my
life." What other symptoms would the nurse expect to find related
to the fight-or-flight response to stress? Select all that apply.
A. Increased heart rate
B. Decreased muscle strength
C. Increased mental alertness
D. Increased blood glucose levels
E. Decreased cardiac output
F. Decreased peristalsis Correct Answer A, C, D The sympathetic
nervous system functions under stress to bring about the fight-or-
flight response by increasing the heart rate, increasing muscle
,strength, increasing cardiac output, increasing blood glucose
levels, and increasing mental alertness. Increased peristalsis is
brought on by the parasympathetic nervous system under normal
conditions and at rest.
Risk factors that we can do something about Correct Answer
Modifiable risk factors
Sodium normal values Correct Answer 135-145 mEq/L
Potassium normal values Correct Answer 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Vaginal discharge that occurs after birth and continues for
approximately 4-8 weeks Correct Answer Lochia
Jean's attorney was careful to explain in her defense that Jean
had specialty knowledge, experience, and clinical judgment and
had met certain criteria established by a nongovernmental
association, as a result of which she was granted recognition in a
specified practice area. What is this sort of credential called?
A. Accreditation
B. Licensure
C. Certification
D. Board approval Correct Answer C
Factors affecting the heart rate Correct Answer -Age
-Sex
-Exercise
-Fever
-Medications
-Hypovolemia/dehydration
-Stress
-Position
, Normal total serum Calcium level Correct Answer 8.6-10.2 mg/dL
A medication order reads: "K-Dur, 20 mEq po b.i.d." When and
how does the nurse correctly give this drug?
A. Daily at bedtime by subcutaneous route
B. Every other day by mouth
C. Twice a day by the oral route
D. Once a week by transdermal patch Correct Answer C
Questions to ask before taking temperature Correct Answer -Food
-Beverages
-Gum
-Drinking/Smoking
Magnesium normal values Correct Answer 1.3-2.3 mEq/L
A nurse is interviewing a patient who just received news that he
has pancreatic cancer. The patient tells the nurse that getting
cancer could never happen to him. Which defense mechanism is
this patient demonstrating?
A. Projection
B. Denial
C. Displacement
D. Repression Correct Answer B
A patient's health history of breast cancer that runs in the family is
what type of risk factor? Correct Answer Non-modifiable risk
factor
Laws affecting nursing practice (Think PHMPG) Correct Answer -
Right of Privacy
-HIPAA
-Malpractice
LATEST 2026 EXAM WITH VERIFIED
ANSWER | GRADED A+
Which acid-base imbalance would the nurse suspect after
assessing the following arterial blood gas values: pH, 7.30;
PaCO2, 36 mm Hg; HCO3−, 14 mEq/L?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis Correct Answer C
When either the palm of the hand or the ball of the foot is
touched, the digits wrap around the object Correct Answer Grasp
pH normal values Correct Answer 7.35-7.45
A nurse is administering an oral medication to a patient via a
gastric tube. The nurse observes the medication enter the tube,
and then the tube becomes clogged. What would be the
appropriate initial action of the nurse in this situation?
A. Attempt to dislodge the medication with a 10-mL syringe.
B. Notify the primary care provider.
C. Remove the tube and replace it with another tube.
D. Flush the tube with 60 mL of water. Correct Answer A. If
medication becomes clogged in a gastric tube, the nurse should
attach a 10-mL syringe on the end of the tube and pull back and
lightly apply pressure to the plunger in a repetitive motion to
attempt to dislodge the medication. If the medication does not
,move through the tube, the nurse should notify the primary care
provider, who may request the tube be replaced.
HCO3 normal values Correct Answer 22-26 mEq/L
When does menstruation return for lactating women? Correct
Answer It's dependent on breast feeding frequency and duration.
Anywhere from 2-18 months.
A nurse is teaching a novice nurse how to provide culturally
competent care to patients in a culturally diverse community
health clinic. Although all of the following are important to
providing culturally competent nursing care, which one is most
basic?
A. Learning the predominant language of the community
B. Obtaining significant information about the community
C. Treating each patient at the clinic as an individual
D. Recognizing the importance of the patient's family Correct
Answer C
A nurse witnesses a street robbery and is assessing a 26-year-old
female patient who is the victim. The patient has minor scrapes
and bruises and tells the nurse, "I've never been so scared in my
life." What other symptoms would the nurse expect to find related
to the fight-or-flight response to stress? Select all that apply.
A. Increased heart rate
B. Decreased muscle strength
C. Increased mental alertness
D. Increased blood glucose levels
E. Decreased cardiac output
F. Decreased peristalsis Correct Answer A, C, D The sympathetic
nervous system functions under stress to bring about the fight-or-
flight response by increasing the heart rate, increasing muscle
,strength, increasing cardiac output, increasing blood glucose
levels, and increasing mental alertness. Increased peristalsis is
brought on by the parasympathetic nervous system under normal
conditions and at rest.
Risk factors that we can do something about Correct Answer
Modifiable risk factors
Sodium normal values Correct Answer 135-145 mEq/L
Potassium normal values Correct Answer 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Vaginal discharge that occurs after birth and continues for
approximately 4-8 weeks Correct Answer Lochia
Jean's attorney was careful to explain in her defense that Jean
had specialty knowledge, experience, and clinical judgment and
had met certain criteria established by a nongovernmental
association, as a result of which she was granted recognition in a
specified practice area. What is this sort of credential called?
A. Accreditation
B. Licensure
C. Certification
D. Board approval Correct Answer C
Factors affecting the heart rate Correct Answer -Age
-Sex
-Exercise
-Fever
-Medications
-Hypovolemia/dehydration
-Stress
-Position
, Normal total serum Calcium level Correct Answer 8.6-10.2 mg/dL
A medication order reads: "K-Dur, 20 mEq po b.i.d." When and
how does the nurse correctly give this drug?
A. Daily at bedtime by subcutaneous route
B. Every other day by mouth
C. Twice a day by the oral route
D. Once a week by transdermal patch Correct Answer C
Questions to ask before taking temperature Correct Answer -Food
-Beverages
-Gum
-Drinking/Smoking
Magnesium normal values Correct Answer 1.3-2.3 mEq/L
A nurse is interviewing a patient who just received news that he
has pancreatic cancer. The patient tells the nurse that getting
cancer could never happen to him. Which defense mechanism is
this patient demonstrating?
A. Projection
B. Denial
C. Displacement
D. Repression Correct Answer B
A patient's health history of breast cancer that runs in the family is
what type of risk factor? Correct Answer Non-modifiable risk
factor
Laws affecting nursing practice (Think PHMPG) Correct Answer -
Right of Privacy
-HIPAA
-Malpractice
