Health and Social Care - Unit 4-Final
Exam with All Accurate Answers 2026-
2027 Edition.
name of red blood cells - Answer erythrocytes
name of white blood cells - Answer leucocytes
plasma - Answer the liquid part of blood. It's mostly water but contains a weak solution of
salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, urea, proteins and fats (55%)
white blood cells - Answer involved in the immune system - help destroy bacteria (<1%). It
consists of Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes
neutrophils - Answer B-type cells produce antibodies
Lymphocytes - Answer T-type cells destroy viruses and cancer cells
monocytes - Answer removes dead cells and bacteria
red blood cells - Answer carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide
platelets - Answer triggers blood clotting. without it you would bleed to death (<1%)
lipoproteins - Answer proteins that carry elements that cant dissolve in water, e.g. fats
pathogen - Answer disease causing organisms, like bacteria, parasites and viruses
antigens - Answer they form antibodies
antibodies - Answer lock onto specific chemicals in the walls of the bacteria and parasites,
immobilising them and making them targets for the monocytes that then kill them and break
them down
coagulation - Answer a chain reaction that converts the soluble blood protein (fibrinogen)
into an insoluble form (fibrin), that forms a net structure, trapping platelets and erythrocytes to
,form a clot. this reaction is set off by tiny cell fragments from the bone marrow, called platelets,
are exposed to air or foreign material
double circulatory system (double pump) - Answer the heart pumps blood through two
circuits, the pulmonary and systemic
systemic circuit - Answer left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps
it around the body
pulmonary circuit - Answer right side of heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body
and pumps it to the lungs
myogenic - Answer the heart muscle is myogenic - it can beat automatically without
stimulation by nerves
cardiac cycle - Answer the co-ordinated flow of blood through the heart. it takes place on
average 70 times per minute.
systole - Answer ventricles contract, pumping blood out
diastole - Answer heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood
the SA node (sino-atrial node) - Answer coordinates rhythm of heart and ensures both atria
contract simultaneously by passing an electrical current through the atria
AV node (atrial-ventricular) - Answer at the bottom of the right atrium. it slows the electrical
impulses it receives from the SA node to allow ventricles to fill with blood
Purkyne fibres - Answer carry current down the middle of the ventricles to the base of the
heart. this allows the bottom of the heart to contract first, resulting in an upwards, squeezing
action, forcing blood out into arteries
ECG (electrocardiogram) - Answer shows the electrical signal generated by the SA node as it
travels through the atria, the AV node and the ventricles. electrodes are attached to the chest
and fed to a computer screen. the activity of the heart is shown in waves or spikes
p wave - Answer a small blip - shows the moment when atria are both contracting
, QRS wave - Answer a bigger spike after a p wave that shows the ventricles contracting
(systole)
T wave - Answer a smaller wave - shows the ventricles relaxing (diastole)
arteries - Answer - carrys oxygenated blood away from the heart
- walls are thick, elastic and muscular as blood is under high pressure
- blood flows in pulses (arteries expand and recoil)
- small internal diameter
capillaries - Answer - walls are one cell thick
- they are microscopic
- they surround and interweave between cells and tissues
- they supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products like carbon dioxide
veins - Answer - carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
- walls are thin with little muscle as blood is under low pressure
- contain valves to prevent backflow
- large internal diameter
- are often between muscles so movements help squeeze blood along
osmosis - Answer the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a less
concentrated solution to a more concentrated one
osmotic pressure - Answer pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement
across a selectively permeable membrane
Exam with All Accurate Answers 2026-
2027 Edition.
name of red blood cells - Answer erythrocytes
name of white blood cells - Answer leucocytes
plasma - Answer the liquid part of blood. It's mostly water but contains a weak solution of
salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, urea, proteins and fats (55%)
white blood cells - Answer involved in the immune system - help destroy bacteria (<1%). It
consists of Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes
neutrophils - Answer B-type cells produce antibodies
Lymphocytes - Answer T-type cells destroy viruses and cancer cells
monocytes - Answer removes dead cells and bacteria
red blood cells - Answer carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide
platelets - Answer triggers blood clotting. without it you would bleed to death (<1%)
lipoproteins - Answer proteins that carry elements that cant dissolve in water, e.g. fats
pathogen - Answer disease causing organisms, like bacteria, parasites and viruses
antigens - Answer they form antibodies
antibodies - Answer lock onto specific chemicals in the walls of the bacteria and parasites,
immobilising them and making them targets for the monocytes that then kill them and break
them down
coagulation - Answer a chain reaction that converts the soluble blood protein (fibrinogen)
into an insoluble form (fibrin), that forms a net structure, trapping platelets and erythrocytes to
,form a clot. this reaction is set off by tiny cell fragments from the bone marrow, called platelets,
are exposed to air or foreign material
double circulatory system (double pump) - Answer the heart pumps blood through two
circuits, the pulmonary and systemic
systemic circuit - Answer left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps
it around the body
pulmonary circuit - Answer right side of heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body
and pumps it to the lungs
myogenic - Answer the heart muscle is myogenic - it can beat automatically without
stimulation by nerves
cardiac cycle - Answer the co-ordinated flow of blood through the heart. it takes place on
average 70 times per minute.
systole - Answer ventricles contract, pumping blood out
diastole - Answer heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood
the SA node (sino-atrial node) - Answer coordinates rhythm of heart and ensures both atria
contract simultaneously by passing an electrical current through the atria
AV node (atrial-ventricular) - Answer at the bottom of the right atrium. it slows the electrical
impulses it receives from the SA node to allow ventricles to fill with blood
Purkyne fibres - Answer carry current down the middle of the ventricles to the base of the
heart. this allows the bottom of the heart to contract first, resulting in an upwards, squeezing
action, forcing blood out into arteries
ECG (electrocardiogram) - Answer shows the electrical signal generated by the SA node as it
travels through the atria, the AV node and the ventricles. electrodes are attached to the chest
and fed to a computer screen. the activity of the heart is shown in waves or spikes
p wave - Answer a small blip - shows the moment when atria are both contracting
, QRS wave - Answer a bigger spike after a p wave that shows the ventricles contracting
(systole)
T wave - Answer a smaller wave - shows the ventricles relaxing (diastole)
arteries - Answer - carrys oxygenated blood away from the heart
- walls are thick, elastic and muscular as blood is under high pressure
- blood flows in pulses (arteries expand and recoil)
- small internal diameter
capillaries - Answer - walls are one cell thick
- they are microscopic
- they surround and interweave between cells and tissues
- they supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products like carbon dioxide
veins - Answer - carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
- walls are thin with little muscle as blood is under low pressure
- contain valves to prevent backflow
- large internal diameter
- are often between muscles so movements help squeeze blood along
osmosis - Answer the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a less
concentrated solution to a more concentrated one
osmotic pressure - Answer pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement
across a selectively permeable membrane
