RNSG 2539 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
1.A nurse is caring for a patient on anticoagulant therapy who develops
spontaneous bruising and bleeding gums.What
is the priority concern?
A.Therapeutic effect
B.Over-anticoagulation
C.Normal finding
D.Infection
Answer:B
Rationale: These indicate excessive anticoagulation.
2.A patient with COPD is receiving oxygen therapy. What is the nurse's
priority target oxygen saturation?
A.100%
B.94-100%
C.88-92%
D.Below 80%
Answer:C
Rationale:Too much oxygen can suppress respiratory drive in COPD.
3.A nurse is caring for a patient with acute pancreatitis.Which
symptom is expected?
A.Lower abdominal pain
B. Severe epigastric pain radiating to back
C.Chest pain only
D.Joint pain
Answer:B
Rationale: Pancreatitis causes epigastric pain radiating posteriorly.
4.A patient post-surgery suddenly becomes short of breath,tachycardic,
and anxious. What is the most likely cause?
A.Pneumonia
B.Pulmonary embolism
,C.Anxiety only
D.Fluid overload
Answer:B
Rationale: Post-op PE is a medical emergency.
7. A nurse is caring for a patient with hypovolemia.Which assessment
finding is expected?
A.Edema
B.Tachycardia and hypotension
C.Bounding pulse
D.Increased urine output
Answer:B
Rationale: The body compensates for fluid loss with tachycardia.
8.A patient with hyperthyroidism presents with heat intolerance,tremors,
and tachycardia. What condition is this?
A.Hypothyroidism
B.Thyrotoxicosis
C.Diabetes
D.Infection
Answer:B
Rationale: Excess thyroid hormone increases metabolism.
9. A nurse is caring for a patient with meningitis. Which sign is most
indicative of the condition?
A.Joint pain
B.Neck stiffness and positive Kernig sign
C.Abdominal pain
D.Rash only
Answer:B
Rationale: Meningeal irritation causes stiffness.
10.A patient with anemia presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of
breath on exertion. What lab value is most relevant?
, A.Platelets
B.Hemoglobin
C.Sodium
D.WBC
Answer:B
Rationale: Hemoglobin reflects oxygen-carrying capacity.
11. A nurse is caring for a patient with stroke affecting the right
hemisphere. What deficit is expected?
A.Right-sided weakness
B.Left-sided weakness and spatial neglect
C.Improved cognition
D.Speech improvement
Answer:B
Rationale: Right brain controls spatial awareness.
12.A patient develops wheezing and facial swelling after antibiotic
administration. What is the priority action?
A.Document
B.Administer epinephrine
C.Encourage fluids
D.Observe only
Answer:B
Rationale: This is anaphylaxis.
13.A nurse is caring for a patient with sepsis. Which finding indicates
progression to septic shock?
A.Fever
B. Persistent hypotension despite fluids
C.Mild tachycardia
D.Headache
Answer:B
Rationale: Shock indicates organ failure risk.
1.A nurse is caring for a patient on anticoagulant therapy who develops
spontaneous bruising and bleeding gums.What
is the priority concern?
A.Therapeutic effect
B.Over-anticoagulation
C.Normal finding
D.Infection
Answer:B
Rationale: These indicate excessive anticoagulation.
2.A patient with COPD is receiving oxygen therapy. What is the nurse's
priority target oxygen saturation?
A.100%
B.94-100%
C.88-92%
D.Below 80%
Answer:C
Rationale:Too much oxygen can suppress respiratory drive in COPD.
3.A nurse is caring for a patient with acute pancreatitis.Which
symptom is expected?
A.Lower abdominal pain
B. Severe epigastric pain radiating to back
C.Chest pain only
D.Joint pain
Answer:B
Rationale: Pancreatitis causes epigastric pain radiating posteriorly.
4.A patient post-surgery suddenly becomes short of breath,tachycardic,
and anxious. What is the most likely cause?
A.Pneumonia
B.Pulmonary embolism
,C.Anxiety only
D.Fluid overload
Answer:B
Rationale: Post-op PE is a medical emergency.
7. A nurse is caring for a patient with hypovolemia.Which assessment
finding is expected?
A.Edema
B.Tachycardia and hypotension
C.Bounding pulse
D.Increased urine output
Answer:B
Rationale: The body compensates for fluid loss with tachycardia.
8.A patient with hyperthyroidism presents with heat intolerance,tremors,
and tachycardia. What condition is this?
A.Hypothyroidism
B.Thyrotoxicosis
C.Diabetes
D.Infection
Answer:B
Rationale: Excess thyroid hormone increases metabolism.
9. A nurse is caring for a patient with meningitis. Which sign is most
indicative of the condition?
A.Joint pain
B.Neck stiffness and positive Kernig sign
C.Abdominal pain
D.Rash only
Answer:B
Rationale: Meningeal irritation causes stiffness.
10.A patient with anemia presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of
breath on exertion. What lab value is most relevant?
, A.Platelets
B.Hemoglobin
C.Sodium
D.WBC
Answer:B
Rationale: Hemoglobin reflects oxygen-carrying capacity.
11. A nurse is caring for a patient with stroke affecting the right
hemisphere. What deficit is expected?
A.Right-sided weakness
B.Left-sided weakness and spatial neglect
C.Improved cognition
D.Speech improvement
Answer:B
Rationale: Right brain controls spatial awareness.
12.A patient develops wheezing and facial swelling after antibiotic
administration. What is the priority action?
A.Document
B.Administer epinephrine
C.Encourage fluids
D.Observe only
Answer:B
Rationale: This is anaphylaxis.
13.A nurse is caring for a patient with sepsis. Which finding indicates
progression to septic shock?
A.Fever
B. Persistent hypotension despite fluids
C.Mild tachycardia
D.Headache
Answer:B
Rationale: Shock indicates organ failure risk.
