Biology 111 - Final Exam Study Guide EXAM 2026 || Most
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Define acid precipitation
refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower than 5.6
and is caused mainly by the mixing of different pollutants with
water in the air.
Draw and label a ph scale-Make sure to include the area that is
neutral, the range that
represents an acid and the range that represents a base.
,Contrast an acid with a base.
-Acids have pH values less than 7. Increases the Hᐩ
concentration of a solution
-Bases have pH values more than 7. Decreases the Hᐩ
concentration of a solution
What is organic chemistry?
The study of carbon compounds.
What is the name of the element that is considered the
backbone of life?
Carbon
How many total electrons does carbon have?
6
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4
,Name and describe the 3 kinds of isomers.
-Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of their
atoms
-Geometric isomers have the same covalent arrangements but
differ in spatial arrangements
-Enantiomers are isomers that are mirror images of each other
What does the acronym ATP represent?
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
Name the four classes of organic molecules(macromolecules).
-carbohydrates
-lipids
-proteins
-nucleic acids
, Name the 5 types of lipids.
-Fat
-Steroids
-Phospholipids
-Oil
-Waxes
Name 3 categories of carbohydrates, give an example of each
and describe their functions
-Monosaccharides: EX - glucose, found in blood, provide ATP &
energy
-Dissaccharides: EX - lactose, sugar in milk, provide ATP & energy
-Polysaccharides: EX - glycogen, found in liver, use it to meet
metabolic energy requirements
Name the 4 levels of structure that a protein can have.
-Primary
-Secondary
-Tertiary
-Quaternary
Name 2 functions of polysaccharides.
Energy storage and structure
Recent Exam Actual Complete Real Exam Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ |
Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam | Just Released!!
Define acid precipitation
refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower than 5.6
and is caused mainly by the mixing of different pollutants with
water in the air.
Draw and label a ph scale-Make sure to include the area that is
neutral, the range that
represents an acid and the range that represents a base.
,Contrast an acid with a base.
-Acids have pH values less than 7. Increases the Hᐩ
concentration of a solution
-Bases have pH values more than 7. Decreases the Hᐩ
concentration of a solution
What is organic chemistry?
The study of carbon compounds.
What is the name of the element that is considered the
backbone of life?
Carbon
How many total electrons does carbon have?
6
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4
,Name and describe the 3 kinds of isomers.
-Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of their
atoms
-Geometric isomers have the same covalent arrangements but
differ in spatial arrangements
-Enantiomers are isomers that are mirror images of each other
What does the acronym ATP represent?
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
Name the four classes of organic molecules(macromolecules).
-carbohydrates
-lipids
-proteins
-nucleic acids
, Name the 5 types of lipids.
-Fat
-Steroids
-Phospholipids
-Oil
-Waxes
Name 3 categories of carbohydrates, give an example of each
and describe their functions
-Monosaccharides: EX - glucose, found in blood, provide ATP &
energy
-Dissaccharides: EX - lactose, sugar in milk, provide ATP & energy
-Polysaccharides: EX - glycogen, found in liver, use it to meet
metabolic energy requirements
Name the 4 levels of structure that a protein can have.
-Primary
-Secondary
-Tertiary
-Quaternary
Name 2 functions of polysaccharides.
Energy storage and structure
