CONSTRUCTIE 1
Prof: Filip Van de Voorde
Nel Schaeken
UAntwerpen | 1AR | 2025-2026
,Vrije Bijdragen: BE06 7360 4117 2322 Nel Schaeken
Inhoudsopgave
INTRO
Examen ............................................................................................................................................... 15
DUURZAAM BOUWEN
A. Duurzame bouwmaterialen .......................................................................................................... 16
B. Duurzame ontwerp-strategiën...................................................................................................... 17
C. Circulair bouwen .......................................................................................................................... 18
Lineaire eonomie: .....................................................................................................................................................18
Circulaire economie: .................................................................................................................................................18
manier van ontwerpen: ............................................................................................................................................19
D. Theoretische achtergrond ............................................................................................................ 19
E. Hedendaagse voorbeelden GEBOUWEN NIET KENNEN .................................................................. 21
F. Ontwerpparameters ..................................................................................................................... 22
draagcontructie en belastingen ...............................................................................................................................23
vocht en neerslag .....................................................................................................................................................24
Temperatuur en warmte NIET IN DETAIL KENNEN (WORDT BIJ M&E AANGEHAALD) OVERGESLAAN IN DE LES .....26
Zonlicht.....................................................................................................................................................................26
=> Lichtstudies .....................................................................................................................................................26
Wind en tocht ...........................................................................................................................................................27
Damp en luchtvochtigheid ‘ZIEN JULLIE OOK BIJ M&E’ ...........................................................................................27
Waterdamp kan door koudere zones van de gebouwschil migreren (stromen) .................................................28
=> vooral wnr de binnen & buitentemp. verschilt. (= vooral in de winter) .........................................................28
Ventilatie VERTELD HIJ OOK OVER .......................................................................................................................28
Geluid en akoestiek ..................................................................................................................................................29
Vooorbeelden: ....................................................................................................................................................30
G. Synthese ...................................................................................................................................... 31
Voorbeeld bouwknoop (2D) VOLGEND JAAR PAS KUNNEN ......................................................................................32
Tekenaffspraken BA1 ...............................................................................................................................................33
Buitenmaten ........................................................................................................................................................33
Voorbeeld vloerpakketten (CONSTRUCTIE 2, BA2) ...........................................................................................34
Voorbeeld vloerpakketten (CONSTRUCTIE 2, BA2) ...........................................................................................34
2025-2026 1
,Vrije Bijdragen: BE06 7360 4117 2322 Nel Schaeken
VERTICAAL
- MASSIEFBOUW
Inleiding tot bouwmethodes ............................................................................................................... 35
Stapelen: verschillende soorten bouwstenen ...................................................................................... 36
Terminologie ........................................................................................................................................................36
Ruwbouw .............................................................................................................................................................36
1. natuursteen .....................................................................................................................................................37
Graniet .................................................................................................................................................................38
kalksteen (vb. blauwe hardsteen) ......................................................................................................................38
zandsteen.............................................................................................................................................................38
Marmer ................................................................................................................................................................39
leisteen ................................................................................................................................................................39
2. adobe ...............................................................................................................................................................40
3. leemsteen ........................................................................................................................................................40
4. baksteen ..........................................................................................................................................................41
5. betonsteen .......................................................................................................................................................43
6. silicaatsteen à ander woord ervoor = kalkzandsteen .....................................................................................44
7. Cellenbeton (merknaam: “Ytong”)...................................................................................................................45
8. hennepblokken (hempcrete) ............................................................................................................................46
9. strobalenbouw .................................................................................................................................................46
Stapelen: bouwprincipes ..................................................................................................................... 47
1. basisprincipes...................................................................................................................................................47
2. bindmiddelen ...................................................................................................................................................48
Verschillende types: .............................................................................................................................................48
Terminologie: .......................................................................................................................................................48
3. balken ..............................................................................................................................................................50
Betonbalk .............................................................................................................................................................50
Staalprofiel ...........................................................................................................................................................51
latei ......................................................................................................................................................................51
4. druksterkte.......................................................................................................................................................52
5. knik ..................................................................................................................................................................52
6. dwarse stabiliteit .............................................................................................................................................53
7. wapening .........................................................................................................................................................53
2025-2026 2
,Vrije Bijdragen: BE06 7360 4117 2322 Nel Schaeken
Gieten ................................................................................................................................................. 54
1. geschiedenis ‘MOET JE MAAR EENS LEZEN’ => ‘GEEN LEERSTOF’ SAMENVATTING AI: ...................................54
2. samenstelling gewapend beton .......................................................................................................................55
wapening .............................................................................................................................................................55
3. bekisting + zichtbeton ......................................................................................................................................55
4. stampbeton......................................................................................................................................................56
5. stampleem (rammed earth).............................................................................................................................57
6. staal .................................................................................................................................................................57
- HOUTBOUW
Algemeen ............................................................................................................................................ 58
Ecologie ................................................................................................................................................................58
Houtsoorten .........................................................................................................................................................59
Houtbouwsystemen ............................................................................................................................ 59
Houtskeletbouw .......................................................................................................................................................60
Platform <-> Balloon ............................................................................................................................................61
palen en balken systeem ..........................................................................................................................................62
hout verbindingen ...............................................................................................................................................63
Massiebouw .............................................................................................................................................................64
massieve houtplaten ................................................................................................................................................65
CLT (cross laminated timber) ...............................................................................................................................65
Hoogbouw............................................................................................................................................................67
Overzicht: .................................................................................................................................................................68
Kolommen en balken .......................................................................................................................... 69
massief gezaagd hout ..............................................................................................................................................69
gelamelleerd hout (GL).............................................................................................................................................70
Laminated Veneer Lumber LVL.................................................................................................................................71
I-vormige samengestelde secties .............................................................................................................................72
Plaatmateriaal..................................................................................................................................... 72
Multiplex ..................................................................................................................................................................73
Productieproces ...................................................................................................................................................73
Vloerplaten ......................................................................................................................................... 73
Glulam (GL) ..............................................................................................................................................................74
2025-2026 3
,Vrije Bijdragen: BE06 7360 4117 2322 Nel Schaeken
Cross-Laminated Timber CLT ....................................................................................................................................74
NLT en DLT ...............................................................................................................................................................75
LVL ............................................................................................................................................................................75
Samengestelde vloeren ....................................................................................................................... 76
Kerto-Ripa (LVL kanaalplaatvloer) ...........................................................................................................................76
Lignatur (kanaalplaatvloer) .....................................................................................................................................77
Kielsteg .....................................................................................................................................................................77
HBV (hybride) ‘hout-beton-vloeren’ .........................................................................................................................78
1e idee vn HBV: CLT plaat waar beton laagje bovenop word gestort ..................................................................78
2e idee: Ribben vloer van houten balken + betondruklaag ..................................................................................79
Vergelijking ..............................................................................................................................................................80
- SKELETBOUW
A. Algemene principes........................................................................................................................ 81
Skeletbouw ...............................................................................................................................................................81
Plan libre ..................................................................................................................................................................82
Dwarse stabiliteit .....................................................................................................................................................83
Centrale kern met pendelkolommen ........................................................................................................................84
Triangulatie ..............................................................................................................................................................84
Openingen ................................................................................................................................................................84
Beton VS staal ..........................................................................................................................................................85
Skeletbouw in beton ............................................................................................................................................85
skeletbouw met staal ...........................................................................................................................................85
Voor-en nadelen .......................................................................................................................................................85
Stapelbouw ..........................................................................................................................................................85
Massief bouw .......................................................................................................................................................85
Skelet bouw .........................................................................................................................................................85
B. Staalskelet ...................................................................................................................................... 86
Geschiedenis staalskeletbouw ChatGTP...................................................................................................................86
Standaardprofielen ..................................................................................................................................................88
kokerprofielen .....................................................................................................................................................89
soorten .................................................................................................................................................................89
Verbindingen ............................................................................................................................................................90
Boutverbindingen .....................................................................................................................................................90
Voorbeelden ........................................................................................................................................................90
2025-2026 4
,Vrije Bijdragen: BE06 7360 4117 2322 Nel Schaeken
Laserverbindingen ....................................................................................................................................................92
Funderingsaanzet à eventueel inklemmen mogelijk ..............................................................................................92
Chemische verankering........................................................................................................................................93
Samenvatting ...........................................................................................................................................................93
Voorbeelden: ............................................................................................................................................................94
Aluminium skeletbouw ........................................................................................................................................94
C. Betonskelet ..................................................................................................................................... 95
in situ gestort beton .................................................................................................................................................95
Samenvatting ...........................................................................................................................................................97
Prefabbeton .............................................................................................................................................................98
éénverdiepingsgebowen......................................................................................................................................98
Meerverdiepingsgebouwen .................................................................................................................................99
2. Kolom met gaines opgieten................................................................................................................................101
3. Kolom met stalen voeten verankeren.................................................................................................................101
Samenvatting .........................................................................................................................................................103
Herhaling................................................................................................................................................................104
HORIZONTAAL
- VLOEREN
A. Geschiedenis JAARTALLEN NIET KENNEN .................................................................................... 104
B. Hout ............................................................................................................................................ 106
Houten roostering ..................................................................................................................................................106
Detaillering.........................................................................................................................................................106
Voorbeelden: .....................................................................................................................................................107
Handelsafmetingen NIET VANBUITEN KENNEN ..................................................................................................107
Overspanningen .................................................................................................................................................107
Raveelconstructies voor openingen...................................................................................................................108
Massieve vloeren (CLT)...........................................................................................................................................108
Detaillering.........................................................................................................................................................108
2025-2026 5
,Vrije Bijdragen: BE06 7360 4117 2322 Nel Schaeken
C. Steen & beton ............................................................................................................................. 109
ter plaatse gestorte vlakke plaatvloer ...................................................................................................................109
Timmerbekisting met draaischoren ...................................................................................................................109
Voorbeelden ......................................................................................................................................................109
Bekistingsafdruk.................................................................................................................................................110
balkenvloer/ cassettevloer .....................................................................................................................................111
voorbeelden .......................................................................................................................................................111
paddenstoelvloer....................................................................................................................................................111
voorbeelden .......................................................................................................................................................111
breedplaatvloer (prédal) ........................................................................................................................................112
bekistingsafdruk .................................................................................................................................................112
Bubbledeck/ Airdeck ..............................................................................................................................................114
welfsels (kanaalplaten) ..........................................................................................................................................114
Letterlijk volgens de catalogus ...........................................................................................................................114
Afzonderlijke platen worden één geheel: “zoveel als mogelijk en nodig”.........................................................115
Plaatsen .............................................................................................................................................................115
Detaillering.........................................................................................................................................................115
Sparingen ...........................................................................................................................................................116
Opleg en raveelconstructies ..............................................................................................................................116
Onderzijde met “industrieel” uitzicht ................................................................................................................116
TT-vloeren ..............................................................................................................................................................116
Letterlijk volgens de catalogus ...........................................................................................................................117
opleggingen .......................................................................................................................................................117
Voorbeeld: .........................................................................................................................................................117
potten en balken ....................................................................................................................................................118
D. Staal ........................................................................................................................................... 119
Balkenvloer.............................................................................................................................................................119
Voorbeelden ......................................................................................................................................................119
Steeldeck ................................................................................................................................................................119
Geperforeerd o.w.v. akoestiek ..........................................................................................................................119
Voorbeelden: .....................................................................................................................................................120
...........................................................................................................................................................................120
samengestelde staaldaken (staal) .........................................................................................................................120
voorbeelden .......................................................................................................................................................120
overzicht ........................................................................................................................................... 121
E. Samengestelde vloeren............................................................................................................... 122
Hout + beton ..........................................................................................................................................................122
Staal + beton ..........................................................................................................................................................122
Staalplaatbetonvloeren .....................................................................................................................................122
Hout + staal + beton ...............................................................................................................................................123
2025-2026 6
,Vrije Bijdragen: BE06 7360 4117 2322 Nel Schaeken
- HELLENDE DAKEN
A. Hellende daken: Principe............................................................................................................... 124
Dakvormen .............................................................................................................................................................124
Relatie tussen dakvorm en grondplan....................................................................................................................124
B. Krachtenwerking ........................................................................................................................... 125
krachten opnemen .................................................................................................................................................125
C. Keperspanten ................................................................................................................................ 126
Voorbeelden ...........................................................................................................................................................126
Spantjesdak met prefabspanten ............................................................................................................................127
Spatjesdak met nokgording en TJI-balken..............................................................................................................127
Ringbalk en muurplaat TERMEN DIE JE MOET KENNEN..........................................................................................127
D. Gordingendak ............................................................................................................................... 128
Gordingendak op steunmuren ...............................................................................................................................128
Gordingendak op spanten: “dakstoel” ...................................................................................................................129
Verbinding gordingen met spanten .......................................................................................................................129
E. Hoofdspanten................................................................................................................................ 130
Voorbeelden ...........................................................................................................................................................130
Windverbanden met steekschoren.........................................................................................................................131
Voorbeelden ......................................................................................................................................................131
Stalen hoofdspant ..................................................................................................................................................131
F. Tengellatten en panlatten.............................................................................................................. 132
G. Geprefabriceerde dakplaten ......................................................................................................... 133
H. Basisdetails ................................................................................................................................... 134
Massiefbouw ..........................................................................................................................................................135
houtskeletbouw......................................................................................................................................................137
Nok .........................................................................................................................................................................138
I. Massieven daken............................................................................................................................ 139
Beton ......................................................................................................................................................................139
Hout .......................................................................................................................................................................141
Staal .......................................................................................................................................................................141
2025-2026 7
,Vrije Bijdragen: BE06 7360 4117 2322 Nel Schaeken
THERMISCHE ONDERBRKEING
Principe ............................................................................................................................................. 142
Beton ................................................................................................................................................ 142
Hout .................................................................................................................................................. 143
Staal .................................................................................................................................................. 143
Gevelconsoles ................................................................................................................................... 144
Wat vooraf ging................................................................................................................................. 144
Voorbeelden (3)......................................................................................................................................................145
Recente ontwikkelingen .................................................................................................................... 146
1. Beton..............................................................................................................................................................146
- Binnenschil isoleren ...................................................................................................................................146
- Isolerend massief beton ............................................................................................................................146
- Houten vloeren ..........................................................................................................................................146
- Thermische onderbreking met draagconsole ............................................................................................146
- Thermische onderbreking met uitkraging (M+V) ......................................................................................147
- Thermische onderbreking met dwarskrachtdeuvels (V) ...........................................................................147
- Thermische onderbreking via drukvaste isolatie .......................................................................................147
2. Staal ...............................................................................................................................................................148
- Buitenzijde isoleren ...................................................................................................................................148
- Dwarskrachtverbinding niet thermisch onderbroken ...............................................................................148
- Dwarskrachtverbinding wel thermisch onderbroken ................................................................................148
2025-2026 8
, Vrije Bijdragen: BE06 7360 4117 2322 Nel Schaeken
FUNDERINGEN
1. ............................................................................................................................ Basisfilosofie
......................................................................................................................................................... 149
Actie = reactie ........................................................................................................................................................149
Evenwichtsdraagvermogen en vormveranderingsdraagvermogen .......................................................................149
Zandgrond ..............................................................................................................................................................150
Kleigrond ................................................................................................................................................................150
Teelaard .................................................................................................................................................................151
Verschillende belastingen ......................................................................................................................................151
Breuklijnen en invloedzones ...................................................................................................................................151
Zettingen ................................................................................................................................................................152
2. Grondsonderingen......................................................................................................................... 152
De ondergrond .......................................................................................................................................................152
Sondeerdiagram .....................................................................................................................................................153
Grondboring ...........................................................................................................................................................153
3. Bronbemaling: verlaging grondwaterstand .................................................................................... 153
Risico’s....................................................................................................................................................................153
Zettingen ................................................................................................................................................................154
4. Graafwerken ................................................................................................................................. 154
Natuurlijk talud ......................................................................................................................................................154
Algemeen: aanzetdiepte ........................................................................................................................................155
1. Gemetste funderingen................................................................................................................... 155
2. Sleuffundering ongewapend beton................................................................................................ 156
Geometrie ongewapende zool ...............................................................................................................................156
Funderingsmetselwerk ...........................................................................................................................................156
3. Sleuffundering gewapend beton .................................................................................................... 157
4. Algemene funderingsplaat = plaat op volle grond (‘radier’) ........................................................... 157
Invloedzone ............................................................................................................................................................158
Keldervloerplaat .....................................................................................................................................................158
Kimplaat .................................................................................................................................................................158
2025-2026 9