BIOLOGY 1406: lecture exam 1
Practice Exam with Solved Solutions
2026 Updated.
What are proteins? - Answer Polymers of amino acids covalently bonded through peptide
bonds into a chain
What are the parts of an amino acid? - Answer central carbon
single hydrogen
carboxyl group
amino group
R-group {side chain}
What is the significance of the R-group {side chain}? - Answer distinguishes one amino acid
from another and dictates an amino acid's properties
What is an oligopeptide? - Answer less than 50 amino acids
What is a polypeptide? - Answer more than 50 amino acids
How are peptide bonds formed? Through what reaction? - Answer
condensation/dehydration
What is the beginning of a peptide chain? - Answer N-Terminus (amino acid group)
What is the end of a peptide chain? - Answer C-Terminus (carboxyl group)
Four levels of complexity or structural features of proteins? - Answer Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What is polymerization? - Answer The process of making a polymer
What causes functional diversity of proteins? - Answer shape or structure
,reactivity of R-groups {side chains}
What is DNA's role with proteins? - Answer Determines the primary structure
What is an example of a mutation of a protein and what does that mean? - Answer Sickle
Cell; won't allow the protein to carry out the function it is meant to have
What are covalent bonds? - Answer strong bond; the sharing of electron pairs between
atoms
What is an organic compound? - Answer A compound that makes up the living part of
something
What is an inorganic compound? - Answer A compound that is nonliving
What is a compound? - Answer Made up of 2 or more separate elements
What is a molecule? - Answer made up of atoms, smallest particle in a chemical element or
compound
What are the three atomic particles? - Answer proton (+)
neutron (neutral)
electron (-)
What is an atom? - Answer smallest unit of matter
What is the atomic number? - Answer number of protons
What is the atomic mass - Answer number of protons +neutrons
How do you know how many electrons are in an element? - Answer same number as protons
What is matter? - Answer Anything that has mass and takes up space (made of atoms)
How do you know when data is valid? - Answer Can be repeated/tested multiple times with
same results
, How can something be included in science? - Answer Can be observed by human senses by
any human
What is an amino acid? - Answer Monomer of proteins
What are the different domains from earliest to latest? - Answer Bacteria
Archea
Eukarya
How do you write a scientific name? - Answer 2 names
Genus: always capitalized
Specific Epithet: always lower case
Underlined words if written
Italicized words if typed
What are the types of chemical reactions delineated by building larger molecules or breaking
down larger molecules into smaller ones? - Answer Dehydration/Condensation: take away
water, build bigger molecule
Hydrolysis: add water, splits molecule into smaller ones
What are the chemical reactions delineated based on energy requirements? - Answer
Endergonic: Requires energy
Exergonic: Does not require energy, happens spontaneously
Parts of a chemical reaction? - Answer reactants ----> products
How do bonds affect molecules? - Answer lead to shape and characteristics
What is an ionic bond? - Answer when opposite ions attract and one donates an electron
while the other receives an electron
Primary structure of a protein - Answer Amino acid sequence
Secondary structure of a protein - Answer Oppositely charged amino group and carboxyl
group pull part of peptide chain together
Practice Exam with Solved Solutions
2026 Updated.
What are proteins? - Answer Polymers of amino acids covalently bonded through peptide
bonds into a chain
What are the parts of an amino acid? - Answer central carbon
single hydrogen
carboxyl group
amino group
R-group {side chain}
What is the significance of the R-group {side chain}? - Answer distinguishes one amino acid
from another and dictates an amino acid's properties
What is an oligopeptide? - Answer less than 50 amino acids
What is a polypeptide? - Answer more than 50 amino acids
How are peptide bonds formed? Through what reaction? - Answer
condensation/dehydration
What is the beginning of a peptide chain? - Answer N-Terminus (amino acid group)
What is the end of a peptide chain? - Answer C-Terminus (carboxyl group)
Four levels of complexity or structural features of proteins? - Answer Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What is polymerization? - Answer The process of making a polymer
What causes functional diversity of proteins? - Answer shape or structure
,reactivity of R-groups {side chains}
What is DNA's role with proteins? - Answer Determines the primary structure
What is an example of a mutation of a protein and what does that mean? - Answer Sickle
Cell; won't allow the protein to carry out the function it is meant to have
What are covalent bonds? - Answer strong bond; the sharing of electron pairs between
atoms
What is an organic compound? - Answer A compound that makes up the living part of
something
What is an inorganic compound? - Answer A compound that is nonliving
What is a compound? - Answer Made up of 2 or more separate elements
What is a molecule? - Answer made up of atoms, smallest particle in a chemical element or
compound
What are the three atomic particles? - Answer proton (+)
neutron (neutral)
electron (-)
What is an atom? - Answer smallest unit of matter
What is the atomic number? - Answer number of protons
What is the atomic mass - Answer number of protons +neutrons
How do you know how many electrons are in an element? - Answer same number as protons
What is matter? - Answer Anything that has mass and takes up space (made of atoms)
How do you know when data is valid? - Answer Can be repeated/tested multiple times with
same results
, How can something be included in science? - Answer Can be observed by human senses by
any human
What is an amino acid? - Answer Monomer of proteins
What are the different domains from earliest to latest? - Answer Bacteria
Archea
Eukarya
How do you write a scientific name? - Answer 2 names
Genus: always capitalized
Specific Epithet: always lower case
Underlined words if written
Italicized words if typed
What are the types of chemical reactions delineated by building larger molecules or breaking
down larger molecules into smaller ones? - Answer Dehydration/Condensation: take away
water, build bigger molecule
Hydrolysis: add water, splits molecule into smaller ones
What are the chemical reactions delineated based on energy requirements? - Answer
Endergonic: Requires energy
Exergonic: Does not require energy, happens spontaneously
Parts of a chemical reaction? - Answer reactants ----> products
How do bonds affect molecules? - Answer lead to shape and characteristics
What is an ionic bond? - Answer when opposite ions attract and one donates an electron
while the other receives an electron
Primary structure of a protein - Answer Amino acid sequence
Secondary structure of a protein - Answer Oppositely charged amino group and carboxyl
group pull part of peptide chain together
