ARDMS Abdomen MOCK EXAM LATEST REAL EXAM 350 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS|AGRADE
That's correct! The splenic vein normally flows toward the transducer, displaying a waveform above the baseline (antegrade). In this
case, the blood is flowing away from the transducer back toward the spleen (retrograde).
Which of the following structures separates the subphrenic space into two
compartments? - ANSWER>> Falciform ligament
The falciform ligament divides the subphrenic space into right and left
compartments.
The left coronary ligament suspends the left lobe of the liver from the
diaphragm.
An asymptomatic patient presents with a history of elevated liver function tests.
Based
on this clinical history, the sonogram most likely demonstrates - ANSWER>>
fatty
infiltration
Fatty infiltration is the most likely diagnosis in an asymptomatic patient demonstrating diffusely echogenic liver parenchyma. In
addition, the portal veins are still clearly visible, consistent with fatty infiltration.
The subhepatic space communicates with the lesser sac through the foramen of -
ANSWER>> Winslow
The foramen of Winslow allows communication between the subhepatic space and
lesser sac.
Which vascular structure courses posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and
anterior to the abdominal aorta? - ANSWER>> Left renal vein
The left renal vein courses posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and anterior to the
abdominal aorta.
The celiac axis is located at - ANSWER>> superior to the body of the pancreas
The celiac axis is located superior to the body of the pancreas, superior mesenteric
artery, and splenic vein; posterior to the left gastric vein; inferior to the
gastroesophageal
junction.
A postsurgical patient presents with abdominal tenderness and leukocytosis. A sonogram demonstrates a superficial, ill-defined
mass beneath the surgical incision.
Based on the clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for -
ANSWER>> abscess
An ill-defined superficial mass beneath a recent surgical incision in a patient
with
leukocytosis most likely represents a postsurgical
abscess.
Secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone is controlled by the - ANSWER>>
pituitary
1
,gland
The anterior pituitary gland controls secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
The coronary vein enters the venous system near the - ANSWER>> superior border of
the portosplenic confluence
The coronary vein enters the superior border of the portosplenic confluence and may be
a collateral source in cases of portal hypertension. The inferior mesenteric vein enters
the inferior border of the portosplenic confluence.
A complication generally occurring within days of a renal transplant is - ANSWER>>
renal vein
thrombosis
Renal vein thrombosis generally occurs within days of a renal transplant. Renal artery
stenosis typically occurs months to years after transplantation.
The sonogram is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities? -
ANSWER>> Varicocele
Multiple anechoic tubular structures are identified posterior to the left testicle, most suspicious for a varicocele. Duplex imaging of
these tubular structures should be included in this examination.
The solitary echogenic focus most likely represents a(n) - ANSWER>> floating gallstone
Multiple small stones are present in the dependent portion of the gallbladder.
The
solitary focus most likely represents a floating
gallstone.
Clinical findings associated with an ileus may include all of the following EXCEPT
-
ANSWER>> hyperactive bowel
sounds
Clinical findings in cases of ileus or bowel obstruction may include absent or hypoechoic
bowel sounds, fever, constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
A cake kidney is generally located in which of the following regions? - ANSWER>>
Pelvis
A cake kidney is a variant of a horseshoe kidney. The entire medial aspects of
the
kidneys are fused. A cake kidney is typically located in the
pelvis.
Focal dilatation of the anterior wall of the abdominal aorta describes a -
ANSWER>>
saccular
aneurysm
Focal outpouching of one arterial wall is characteristic of a saccular aneurysm. They are
often a result of trauma or infection.
Which of the following structures is most likely mistaken for the splenic artery? -
2
,ANSWER>> Pancreatic duct
The pancreatic duct and the splenic artery are most likely to be confused with each
other. Color Doppler imaging is a quick method of verifying a vascular structure.
Progression of which of the following abnormalities flattens the portal
veins? -
ANSWER>> Biliary
obstruction
The wall thickness in a normal fasting gallbladder should not exceed -
ANSWER>> 3
mm
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the
following
abnormalities? - ANSWER>>
Pseudoaneurysm
This color Doppler image demonstrates turbulent swirling blood flow within a
fluid
collection, classic sonographic findings of a common femoral artery
pseudoaneurysm.
A patient presents with sudden onset of upper abdominal pain. Ultrasound demonstrates prominence in the stomach rugae. These
findings are most suspicious for which of the following conditions? - ANSWER>> Gastritis
Prominence of the stomach rugae in a patient with upper abdominal pain is most suspicious for gastritis. Hypervascular, thick
gastric walls are sonographic findings associated with gastric ulcers.
Which of the following is a complication of acute pancreatitis? - ANSWER>> Duodenal
obstruction
Complications of acute pancreatitis may include abscess formation, duodenal obstruction, hemorrhage, phlegmon, and pseudocyst
formation. Cholecystitis is a possible etiology of acute pancreatitis.
A patient presents with a history of hematuria. The findings in this duplex image are
most suspicious for which of the following pathologies? - ANSWER>> Carcinoma
A vascular echogenic mass is identified protruding from the posterior wall of the urinary
bladder. Bladder carcinoma commonly presents with a history of painless hematuria.
Based on the clinical history, the sonographic findings are suspicious for a malignant
mass.
A sagittal sonogram medial to the porta hepatis is demonstrating which of the following
abnormalities? - ANSWER>> Dilated common bile duct
A hypoechoic mass identified by the calipers is obstructing the common bile duct
resulting in dilatation. The mass is most likely a malignancy in the head of the pancreas.
The pathology in this sonogram is most likely a/an - ANSWER>> Pseudocyst
A complex fluid collection is identified posterior to the tail of the pancreas. This is most
3
, likely a pancreatic pseudocyst. Phlegmons and islet cell tumors appear as
hypoechoic
masses on ultrasound. A pancreatic hemorrhage is a differential consideration but not
the most likely pathology.
Which of the following abnormalities is demonstrated in this transverse sonogram? -
ANSWER>> Stones in the duct of Wirsung
Multiple stones are located in main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung).
Which of the following is a clinical symptom of hypothyroidism? - ANSWER>> Muscle
cramps
Muscles cramping is a symptom of hypothyroidism. Other symptoms may include weight gain, mental and physical lethargy,
arthritis, skin dryness, feeling cold, slow metabolic rate, and decreased heart rate. Symptoms commonly associated with
hyperthyroidism include weight loss, palpitations, nervousness, exophthalmos, constant hunger, tremors, increased heart rate, and
intolerance to heat.
A 20-year-old patient presents with a palpable left scrotal mass. The sonographic findings are most suspicious for which of the
following pathologies? - ANSWER>> Malignant neoplasm
A malignant neoplasm is the most likely diagnosis in a young adult demonstrating a hypoechoic intratesticular mass. The patient is
afebrile excluding a testicular abscess from the differential considerations.
A patient presents with a history of a palpable neck mass. Which of the following terms best describes the sonographic findings? -
ANSWER>> Heterogeneous thyroid gland
The sonographer's technical report should describe the right thyroid lobe
as
demonstrating an irregular and heterogeneous echo
texture.
A patient presents with a history of cirrhosis. The arrows are identifying the
-
ANSWER>> coronary
ligament
A hyperechoic linear structure is identified dividing the right subphrenic space from the subhepatic space. This is consistent with the
right coronary ligament. The right coronary ligament serves as a barrier between these two peritoneal spaces.
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the following
abnormalities? - ANSWER>> Patent umbilical vein
The sonogram is demonstrating a patent paraumbilical vein. Note the liver parenchyma
of the left lobe superior to the patent umbilical vein. Gastric varices are generally
located to the left of
midline.
Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in which of the following pathologies? -
ANSWER>> Portal
hypertension
Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in cases of portal hypertension.
A duplex image of the splenic vein is demonstrating - ANSWER>> retrograde flow.
4
CORRECT ANSWERS|AGRADE
That's correct! The splenic vein normally flows toward the transducer, displaying a waveform above the baseline (antegrade). In this
case, the blood is flowing away from the transducer back toward the spleen (retrograde).
Which of the following structures separates the subphrenic space into two
compartments? - ANSWER>> Falciform ligament
The falciform ligament divides the subphrenic space into right and left
compartments.
The left coronary ligament suspends the left lobe of the liver from the
diaphragm.
An asymptomatic patient presents with a history of elevated liver function tests.
Based
on this clinical history, the sonogram most likely demonstrates - ANSWER>>
fatty
infiltration
Fatty infiltration is the most likely diagnosis in an asymptomatic patient demonstrating diffusely echogenic liver parenchyma. In
addition, the portal veins are still clearly visible, consistent with fatty infiltration.
The subhepatic space communicates with the lesser sac through the foramen of -
ANSWER>> Winslow
The foramen of Winslow allows communication between the subhepatic space and
lesser sac.
Which vascular structure courses posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and
anterior to the abdominal aorta? - ANSWER>> Left renal vein
The left renal vein courses posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and anterior to the
abdominal aorta.
The celiac axis is located at - ANSWER>> superior to the body of the pancreas
The celiac axis is located superior to the body of the pancreas, superior mesenteric
artery, and splenic vein; posterior to the left gastric vein; inferior to the
gastroesophageal
junction.
A postsurgical patient presents with abdominal tenderness and leukocytosis. A sonogram demonstrates a superficial, ill-defined
mass beneath the surgical incision.
Based on the clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for -
ANSWER>> abscess
An ill-defined superficial mass beneath a recent surgical incision in a patient
with
leukocytosis most likely represents a postsurgical
abscess.
Secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone is controlled by the - ANSWER>>
pituitary
1
,gland
The anterior pituitary gland controls secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
The coronary vein enters the venous system near the - ANSWER>> superior border of
the portosplenic confluence
The coronary vein enters the superior border of the portosplenic confluence and may be
a collateral source in cases of portal hypertension. The inferior mesenteric vein enters
the inferior border of the portosplenic confluence.
A complication generally occurring within days of a renal transplant is - ANSWER>>
renal vein
thrombosis
Renal vein thrombosis generally occurs within days of a renal transplant. Renal artery
stenosis typically occurs months to years after transplantation.
The sonogram is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities? -
ANSWER>> Varicocele
Multiple anechoic tubular structures are identified posterior to the left testicle, most suspicious for a varicocele. Duplex imaging of
these tubular structures should be included in this examination.
The solitary echogenic focus most likely represents a(n) - ANSWER>> floating gallstone
Multiple small stones are present in the dependent portion of the gallbladder.
The
solitary focus most likely represents a floating
gallstone.
Clinical findings associated with an ileus may include all of the following EXCEPT
-
ANSWER>> hyperactive bowel
sounds
Clinical findings in cases of ileus or bowel obstruction may include absent or hypoechoic
bowel sounds, fever, constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
A cake kidney is generally located in which of the following regions? - ANSWER>>
Pelvis
A cake kidney is a variant of a horseshoe kidney. The entire medial aspects of
the
kidneys are fused. A cake kidney is typically located in the
pelvis.
Focal dilatation of the anterior wall of the abdominal aorta describes a -
ANSWER>>
saccular
aneurysm
Focal outpouching of one arterial wall is characteristic of a saccular aneurysm. They are
often a result of trauma or infection.
Which of the following structures is most likely mistaken for the splenic artery? -
2
,ANSWER>> Pancreatic duct
The pancreatic duct and the splenic artery are most likely to be confused with each
other. Color Doppler imaging is a quick method of verifying a vascular structure.
Progression of which of the following abnormalities flattens the portal
veins? -
ANSWER>> Biliary
obstruction
The wall thickness in a normal fasting gallbladder should not exceed -
ANSWER>> 3
mm
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the
following
abnormalities? - ANSWER>>
Pseudoaneurysm
This color Doppler image demonstrates turbulent swirling blood flow within a
fluid
collection, classic sonographic findings of a common femoral artery
pseudoaneurysm.
A patient presents with sudden onset of upper abdominal pain. Ultrasound demonstrates prominence in the stomach rugae. These
findings are most suspicious for which of the following conditions? - ANSWER>> Gastritis
Prominence of the stomach rugae in a patient with upper abdominal pain is most suspicious for gastritis. Hypervascular, thick
gastric walls are sonographic findings associated with gastric ulcers.
Which of the following is a complication of acute pancreatitis? - ANSWER>> Duodenal
obstruction
Complications of acute pancreatitis may include abscess formation, duodenal obstruction, hemorrhage, phlegmon, and pseudocyst
formation. Cholecystitis is a possible etiology of acute pancreatitis.
A patient presents with a history of hematuria. The findings in this duplex image are
most suspicious for which of the following pathologies? - ANSWER>> Carcinoma
A vascular echogenic mass is identified protruding from the posterior wall of the urinary
bladder. Bladder carcinoma commonly presents with a history of painless hematuria.
Based on the clinical history, the sonographic findings are suspicious for a malignant
mass.
A sagittal sonogram medial to the porta hepatis is demonstrating which of the following
abnormalities? - ANSWER>> Dilated common bile duct
A hypoechoic mass identified by the calipers is obstructing the common bile duct
resulting in dilatation. The mass is most likely a malignancy in the head of the pancreas.
The pathology in this sonogram is most likely a/an - ANSWER>> Pseudocyst
A complex fluid collection is identified posterior to the tail of the pancreas. This is most
3
, likely a pancreatic pseudocyst. Phlegmons and islet cell tumors appear as
hypoechoic
masses on ultrasound. A pancreatic hemorrhage is a differential consideration but not
the most likely pathology.
Which of the following abnormalities is demonstrated in this transverse sonogram? -
ANSWER>> Stones in the duct of Wirsung
Multiple stones are located in main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung).
Which of the following is a clinical symptom of hypothyroidism? - ANSWER>> Muscle
cramps
Muscles cramping is a symptom of hypothyroidism. Other symptoms may include weight gain, mental and physical lethargy,
arthritis, skin dryness, feeling cold, slow metabolic rate, and decreased heart rate. Symptoms commonly associated with
hyperthyroidism include weight loss, palpitations, nervousness, exophthalmos, constant hunger, tremors, increased heart rate, and
intolerance to heat.
A 20-year-old patient presents with a palpable left scrotal mass. The sonographic findings are most suspicious for which of the
following pathologies? - ANSWER>> Malignant neoplasm
A malignant neoplasm is the most likely diagnosis in a young adult demonstrating a hypoechoic intratesticular mass. The patient is
afebrile excluding a testicular abscess from the differential considerations.
A patient presents with a history of a palpable neck mass. Which of the following terms best describes the sonographic findings? -
ANSWER>> Heterogeneous thyroid gland
The sonographer's technical report should describe the right thyroid lobe
as
demonstrating an irregular and heterogeneous echo
texture.
A patient presents with a history of cirrhosis. The arrows are identifying the
-
ANSWER>> coronary
ligament
A hyperechoic linear structure is identified dividing the right subphrenic space from the subhepatic space. This is consistent with the
right coronary ligament. The right coronary ligament serves as a barrier between these two peritoneal spaces.
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the following
abnormalities? - ANSWER>> Patent umbilical vein
The sonogram is demonstrating a patent paraumbilical vein. Note the liver parenchyma
of the left lobe superior to the patent umbilical vein. Gastric varices are generally
located to the left of
midline.
Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in which of the following pathologies? -
ANSWER>> Portal
hypertension
Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in cases of portal hypertension.
A duplex image of the splenic vein is demonstrating - ANSWER>> retrograde flow.
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