NURS 231/NURS231 Module 10 V2 |
Pathophysiology Q&A with Rationale |
Portage Learning
1. Which of the following describes the primary pathophysiological change in Benign Prostatic
Hyperplasia (BPH)?
A. Hypertrophy of the skeletal muscle in the pelvic floor
B. Atrophy of the prostatic acini following androgen withdrawal
C. Inflammation of the peripheral zone due to chronic bacterial infection
D. Proliferation of epithelial and stromal cells in the transition zone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia involves the excessive growth of cellular
components within the prostate transition zone. This proliferation causes the gland to
enlarge and compress the prostatic urethra, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms.
Pathophysiological analysis indicates that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels remain a
significant driver of this growth in aging males.
2. In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), what is the typical hormonal imbalance observed
between LH and FSH?
A. Decreased LH and increased FSH
B. Normal LH and decreased FSH
,C. Decreased LH and decreased FSH
D. Increased LH and decreased or normal FSH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PCOS is characterized by a high LH-to-FSH ratio, where elevated luteinizing
hormone stimulates androgen production. Low levels of follicle-stimulating hormone
prevent the proper maturation of follicles, leading to the characteristic cystic appearance of
the ovaries. This endocrine disruption results in chronic anovulation and
hyperandrogenism.
3. Which condition is defined by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside of the
uterine cavity?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Endometriosis
C. Leiomyoma
D. Endometrial hyperplasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis occurs when endometrial glands and stroma implant on pelvic
structures such as the ovaries or peritoneum. This ectopic tissue responds to cyclic
hormonal changes, leading to inflammation, scarring, and adhesions. Clinical analysis
shows that this condition is a major contributor to chronic pelvic pain and infertility.
, 4. What is the most critical complication associated with testicular torsion?
A. Infection of the epididymis
B. Ischemia and infarction of the testis
C. Acute inguinal hernia
D. Development of a hydrocele
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency caused by the twisting of the
spermatic cord. This mechanical obstruction prevents venous drainage and eventually
halts arterial blood flow to the testicle. If the blood supply is not restored within hours,
irreversible necrosis and loss of the testis occur.
5. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) most commonly results from which mechanism?
A. Descending infection from the kidneys
B. Ascending infection from the lower reproductive tract
C. Hematogenous spread from the respiratory tract
D. Autoimmune destruction of the fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PID is an inflammatory condition where pathogens, typically STIs like
Chlamydia or Gonorrhea, migrate from the vagina and cervix to the upper reproductive
organs. This ascending infection can cause salpingitis, oophoritis, and peritonitis.
Pathophysiology Q&A with Rationale |
Portage Learning
1. Which of the following describes the primary pathophysiological change in Benign Prostatic
Hyperplasia (BPH)?
A. Hypertrophy of the skeletal muscle in the pelvic floor
B. Atrophy of the prostatic acini following androgen withdrawal
C. Inflammation of the peripheral zone due to chronic bacterial infection
D. Proliferation of epithelial and stromal cells in the transition zone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia involves the excessive growth of cellular
components within the prostate transition zone. This proliferation causes the gland to
enlarge and compress the prostatic urethra, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms.
Pathophysiological analysis indicates that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels remain a
significant driver of this growth in aging males.
2. In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), what is the typical hormonal imbalance observed
between LH and FSH?
A. Decreased LH and increased FSH
B. Normal LH and decreased FSH
,C. Decreased LH and decreased FSH
D. Increased LH and decreased or normal FSH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PCOS is characterized by a high LH-to-FSH ratio, where elevated luteinizing
hormone stimulates androgen production. Low levels of follicle-stimulating hormone
prevent the proper maturation of follicles, leading to the characteristic cystic appearance of
the ovaries. This endocrine disruption results in chronic anovulation and
hyperandrogenism.
3. Which condition is defined by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside of the
uterine cavity?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Endometriosis
C. Leiomyoma
D. Endometrial hyperplasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis occurs when endometrial glands and stroma implant on pelvic
structures such as the ovaries or peritoneum. This ectopic tissue responds to cyclic
hormonal changes, leading to inflammation, scarring, and adhesions. Clinical analysis
shows that this condition is a major contributor to chronic pelvic pain and infertility.
, 4. What is the most critical complication associated with testicular torsion?
A. Infection of the epididymis
B. Ischemia and infarction of the testis
C. Acute inguinal hernia
D. Development of a hydrocele
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency caused by the twisting of the
spermatic cord. This mechanical obstruction prevents venous drainage and eventually
halts arterial blood flow to the testicle. If the blood supply is not restored within hours,
irreversible necrosis and loss of the testis occur.
5. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) most commonly results from which mechanism?
A. Descending infection from the kidneys
B. Ascending infection from the lower reproductive tract
C. Hematogenous spread from the respiratory tract
D. Autoimmune destruction of the fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PID is an inflammatory condition where pathogens, typically STIs like
Chlamydia or Gonorrhea, migrate from the vagina and cervix to the upper reproductive
organs. This ascending infection can cause salpingitis, oophoritis, and peritonitis.
