NUR 335 MATERNAL HEALTH - EXAM
1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (GRADED A+)
Question 1
Which specific cohorts within the obstetric population carry a statistically elevated
risk for conceiving or delivering a child with genetic abnormalities?
✔✔ High-risk individuals in the birthing community include:
Pregnant patients who will be 35 years of age or older at the time of
delivery (advanced maternal age).
Individuals with a history of a prior pregnancy that resulted in a
chromosomal or genetic disorder.
Parents who have previously given birth to an infant exhibiting
structural or congenital abnormalities.
Couples where one or both genetic partners are diagnosed carriers or
have an active genetic condition.
Individuals with a significant, documented family history of inheritable
genetic diseases.
Question 2
What is the underlying inheritance mechanism required for a child to manifest an
autosomal recessive disorder, and what are some classic clinical examples of these
conditions?
✔✔ For an autosomal recessive disorder to occur, both biological parents
must be carriers of the mutated gene. If both parents are carriers, each
pregnancy carries a 25% chance of the child inheriting both defective genes
and manifesting the disease, and a 50% chance of the child becoming an
asymptomatic carrier. Classic examples include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell
anemia, thalassemia, and Tay-Sachs disease.
Question 3
,What is the name of the opening phase of the menstrual cycle, when does it
officially initiate, and what is its typical duration?
✔✔ The initial stage is the follicular phase. It begins precisely on the first day
of menstrual bleeding (menstruation) and generally spans a duration of 12 to
14 days, during which ovarian follicles mature under hormonal influence.
Ovulatory phase
The second stage of the general menstrual cycle, typically on day 14 of the cycle,
when estrogen levels peak. The phase ends when the ovum is released from the
mature graafian follicle.
Luteinizing Hormone levels surge when?
12-36 hours before ovulation; before this surge, estrogen levels decrease, and
progesterone levels increase.
The luteal phase
Begins after ovulation and lasts approximately 14 days. During this phase, the cells
of the empty follicle morph to form the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum
produces high levels of progesterone and low levels of estrogen.
endometrial cycle
Pertains to the changes in the endometrium of the uterus in response to the
hormonal changes that occur during the ovarian cycle and consists of three phases.
, placenta
- Forms from fetal and maternal tissue
- Placental membrane separates maternal and fetal blood
- Hormone production
- Certain medications and viruses cross the placental membrane and enter the fetal
system
What is the structure that keeps maternal and fetal blood from mixing?
the placental membrane
The endometrium is referred to as the decidua and consists of what three layers?
Decidua basalis, decidua capsularis, and decidua vera.
umbilical cord
Connects the fetus to the placenta and is made up of two arteries and one vein
(AVA)
What surrounds both the arteries and the vein in the umbilical cord?
wharton's jelly
arteries of the umbilical cord serve what purpose?
1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (GRADED A+)
Question 1
Which specific cohorts within the obstetric population carry a statistically elevated
risk for conceiving or delivering a child with genetic abnormalities?
✔✔ High-risk individuals in the birthing community include:
Pregnant patients who will be 35 years of age or older at the time of
delivery (advanced maternal age).
Individuals with a history of a prior pregnancy that resulted in a
chromosomal or genetic disorder.
Parents who have previously given birth to an infant exhibiting
structural or congenital abnormalities.
Couples where one or both genetic partners are diagnosed carriers or
have an active genetic condition.
Individuals with a significant, documented family history of inheritable
genetic diseases.
Question 2
What is the underlying inheritance mechanism required for a child to manifest an
autosomal recessive disorder, and what are some classic clinical examples of these
conditions?
✔✔ For an autosomal recessive disorder to occur, both biological parents
must be carriers of the mutated gene. If both parents are carriers, each
pregnancy carries a 25% chance of the child inheriting both defective genes
and manifesting the disease, and a 50% chance of the child becoming an
asymptomatic carrier. Classic examples include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell
anemia, thalassemia, and Tay-Sachs disease.
Question 3
,What is the name of the opening phase of the menstrual cycle, when does it
officially initiate, and what is its typical duration?
✔✔ The initial stage is the follicular phase. It begins precisely on the first day
of menstrual bleeding (menstruation) and generally spans a duration of 12 to
14 days, during which ovarian follicles mature under hormonal influence.
Ovulatory phase
The second stage of the general menstrual cycle, typically on day 14 of the cycle,
when estrogen levels peak. The phase ends when the ovum is released from the
mature graafian follicle.
Luteinizing Hormone levels surge when?
12-36 hours before ovulation; before this surge, estrogen levels decrease, and
progesterone levels increase.
The luteal phase
Begins after ovulation and lasts approximately 14 days. During this phase, the cells
of the empty follicle morph to form the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum
produces high levels of progesterone and low levels of estrogen.
endometrial cycle
Pertains to the changes in the endometrium of the uterus in response to the
hormonal changes that occur during the ovarian cycle and consists of three phases.
, placenta
- Forms from fetal and maternal tissue
- Placental membrane separates maternal and fetal blood
- Hormone production
- Certain medications and viruses cross the placental membrane and enter the fetal
system
What is the structure that keeps maternal and fetal blood from mixing?
the placental membrane
The endometrium is referred to as the decidua and consists of what three layers?
Decidua basalis, decidua capsularis, and decidua vera.
umbilical cord
Connects the fetus to the placenta and is made up of two arteries and one vein
(AVA)
What surrounds both the arteries and the vein in the umbilical cord?
wharton's jelly
arteries of the umbilical cord serve what purpose?
