PSY 357 GCU Exam 2 Study Guide (Ch.
6,8,9,10,11)- Questions with Complete Solutions
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What is the concrete operational stage?
Can perform mental operations- actions that can be performed on objects or ideas to yield
consistent results.
Mental operations are limited to concrete problems in the here and now-can't deal well with
abstract or hypothetical problems
Give an example of the concrete operational period.
a child unconsciously recognizing if nothing is added or taken away, the amount of something
will stay the same.
What is the formal operational stage?
· Can reason abstractly and hypothetically
· Use deductive reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the facts
Engage in combinatorial reasoning to generate all the different ways a given number of items can
be arranged.
,give an example of the formal operational period.
mixing clear liquids in various beaker through trial and error to identify which liquids produce
the color red
What are some criticisms about Piaget's theory of Cognitive Development?
· Piaget's theory underestimates cognitive competence in infants and young children and
overestimates cognitive competence in adolescents
· Piaget's theory is vague concerning processes and mechanisms of change
· Piaget's stage model does not account for variability in children's performance
· Piaget's theory undervalues the influence of the sociocultural environment on cognitive
development
· He thought the older you get, the more intelligent you get but research proves him wrong. We
can increase our capacity, but not our intelligence.
Understand how memory works (where things are stored) and who emphasizes changes in
memory efficiency
Working memory(WM)- temporary storage and use of information that one needs to perform a
task. Ex: looking up and dialing a new phone number. Anything you are learning for the first
time is stored here. If you choose to store it in long term to reuse later on a test, info will go back
into working memory while applying the memorized info on the test.
· Limited in capacity and how long it lasts
Long term memory(LTM): the storehouse for memory that is permanent and of unlimited
capacity
, - Information is transferred into LTM, stored in it and retrieved from it when needed
7 to 8 year olds use less effective learning and memory strategies such as rehearsal
Older children use more effective learning and memory strategies, including taking
notes/keeping a calendar, organization(structuring new info into related categories), and
elaboration(making new info memorable by embellishing it)
Understand Gardener's theory of Multiple Intelligences and know each intelligence in
detail
1-3: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial
4-9: musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential
Linguistic- knowing the meanings of words, having the ability to use words to understand new
ideas, and using language to convey ideas to others
Logical-mathematical- understanding relations that exist among objects, actions and ideas as
well as the logical or mathematical operations that can be performed on them
Spatial- perceiving objects accurately and imagining in the mind's eye the appearance of an
object before and after it has been transformed
Musical-comprehending and producing sounds varying in pitch, rythym and emotional tone
Bodily-kinesthetic-using one's body in highly differentiated ways as dancers, craftspeople and
athletes do
6,8,9,10,11)- Questions with Complete Solutions
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What is the concrete operational stage?
Can perform mental operations- actions that can be performed on objects or ideas to yield
consistent results.
Mental operations are limited to concrete problems in the here and now-can't deal well with
abstract or hypothetical problems
Give an example of the concrete operational period.
a child unconsciously recognizing if nothing is added or taken away, the amount of something
will stay the same.
What is the formal operational stage?
· Can reason abstractly and hypothetically
· Use deductive reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the facts
Engage in combinatorial reasoning to generate all the different ways a given number of items can
be arranged.
,give an example of the formal operational period.
mixing clear liquids in various beaker through trial and error to identify which liquids produce
the color red
What are some criticisms about Piaget's theory of Cognitive Development?
· Piaget's theory underestimates cognitive competence in infants and young children and
overestimates cognitive competence in adolescents
· Piaget's theory is vague concerning processes and mechanisms of change
· Piaget's stage model does not account for variability in children's performance
· Piaget's theory undervalues the influence of the sociocultural environment on cognitive
development
· He thought the older you get, the more intelligent you get but research proves him wrong. We
can increase our capacity, but not our intelligence.
Understand how memory works (where things are stored) and who emphasizes changes in
memory efficiency
Working memory(WM)- temporary storage and use of information that one needs to perform a
task. Ex: looking up and dialing a new phone number. Anything you are learning for the first
time is stored here. If you choose to store it in long term to reuse later on a test, info will go back
into working memory while applying the memorized info on the test.
· Limited in capacity and how long it lasts
Long term memory(LTM): the storehouse for memory that is permanent and of unlimited
capacity
, - Information is transferred into LTM, stored in it and retrieved from it when needed
7 to 8 year olds use less effective learning and memory strategies such as rehearsal
Older children use more effective learning and memory strategies, including taking
notes/keeping a calendar, organization(structuring new info into related categories), and
elaboration(making new info memorable by embellishing it)
Understand Gardener's theory of Multiple Intelligences and know each intelligence in
detail
1-3: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial
4-9: musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential
Linguistic- knowing the meanings of words, having the ability to use words to understand new
ideas, and using language to convey ideas to others
Logical-mathematical- understanding relations that exist among objects, actions and ideas as
well as the logical or mathematical operations that can be performed on them
Spatial- perceiving objects accurately and imagining in the mind's eye the appearance of an
object before and after it has been transformed
Musical-comprehending and producing sounds varying in pitch, rythym and emotional tone
Bodily-kinesthetic-using one's body in highly differentiated ways as dancers, craftspeople and
athletes do
