NSC Exam 4 with complete solutions latest 2026/27
UPDATE
ages for the definition or early and midlife adulthood
early: 20-39 years
midlife: 40-64 years
old age: 65+
What are the recommendations for sodium, saturated fat and dietary cholesterol?
sodium: 2300mg, 1500mg if: hypertension, black, diabetes, 51+
saturated fat: <10% / 7%
Dietary cholesterol: no longer restricted
why were trans fats banned by the FDA
banning could completely prevent 20,000 heart attacks and 7,000 deaths from heart disease each
year, no longer on GRAS list, ban is not only for added not natural sources, june 2015 officially
banned
what adults need to do to maintain physical strength, bone density, and avoid excess fat?
maintaining physical status (muscle strength) muscle mass peaks 25-30 yrs
bone density - maintain peak bone mass
avoiding excess fat (especially around midriff) redistribution - gains in the central/intra-
abdominal space, decrease in subcutaneous fat
why does the recommendation for iron decrease in women after menopause
with cessation of mensuration, iron needs decrease, daily requirement to 8 mg
,what decreases after menopause? what increases? and what does not change
decreases: estrogen, progesterone
increases: total cholesterol, LDL, TG (all increase more if BMI increases)
no changes: in HDL cholesterol
name at least three protective effects of estrogen
estrogen decreases: hepatic production of cholesterol (lower enzymes), contraction of smooth
muscle cells, homocysteine levels
estrogen increases: hepatic LDL catabolism, insulin sensitivity, stimulates release of nitric oxide
why does isoflavones from soy can protect women? what could be some drawbacks?
it is from soy - could decrease hot flashes in Asian women (americans inconsistant very little
effect)
contributions for energy need
gender/body size, muscle mass, activity levels, health status, hormones, individual variation
make sure that you understand the mifflin-st jeor formula to calculate your basal
metabolic rate
males: (10 x wt) +(6.25 x ht) - (5 x age) + 5
females: (10 x wt) + (6.25 x ht) - (5 x age) -161
problems with FAD diets
inadequate nutrient supply, "food combinations", strict limitations, gimmicks
what are some of the problems due to high consumption of sugar
, increased risk of diabetes, heart disease (HDL, TRIG, BP), obesity, gout
what are the recommendations of the American Heart Association for sugar intake for men
and women
6 tbs - women
9 tbsp - men
amount of sugar present in some coffee beverages
iced caramel latte large - 49g
caramel coffee medium - 39g
caramel coffee small - 24g
do all countries have the same represenations for food recommendations?
no it varies a little from country to country
canada uses rainbow
china uses pagoda
italy uses food pyramid
united kingdom uses eatwell plate
are alcohol and drugs a problem for adults in the US
61% of US adults drink alcohol
5 nutrients that are not taken enough by adults
fiber, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, folic acid,
physical recommendations for adults? aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening
UPDATE
ages for the definition or early and midlife adulthood
early: 20-39 years
midlife: 40-64 years
old age: 65+
What are the recommendations for sodium, saturated fat and dietary cholesterol?
sodium: 2300mg, 1500mg if: hypertension, black, diabetes, 51+
saturated fat: <10% / 7%
Dietary cholesterol: no longer restricted
why were trans fats banned by the FDA
banning could completely prevent 20,000 heart attacks and 7,000 deaths from heart disease each
year, no longer on GRAS list, ban is not only for added not natural sources, june 2015 officially
banned
what adults need to do to maintain physical strength, bone density, and avoid excess fat?
maintaining physical status (muscle strength) muscle mass peaks 25-30 yrs
bone density - maintain peak bone mass
avoiding excess fat (especially around midriff) redistribution - gains in the central/intra-
abdominal space, decrease in subcutaneous fat
why does the recommendation for iron decrease in women after menopause
with cessation of mensuration, iron needs decrease, daily requirement to 8 mg
,what decreases after menopause? what increases? and what does not change
decreases: estrogen, progesterone
increases: total cholesterol, LDL, TG (all increase more if BMI increases)
no changes: in HDL cholesterol
name at least three protective effects of estrogen
estrogen decreases: hepatic production of cholesterol (lower enzymes), contraction of smooth
muscle cells, homocysteine levels
estrogen increases: hepatic LDL catabolism, insulin sensitivity, stimulates release of nitric oxide
why does isoflavones from soy can protect women? what could be some drawbacks?
it is from soy - could decrease hot flashes in Asian women (americans inconsistant very little
effect)
contributions for energy need
gender/body size, muscle mass, activity levels, health status, hormones, individual variation
make sure that you understand the mifflin-st jeor formula to calculate your basal
metabolic rate
males: (10 x wt) +(6.25 x ht) - (5 x age) + 5
females: (10 x wt) + (6.25 x ht) - (5 x age) -161
problems with FAD diets
inadequate nutrient supply, "food combinations", strict limitations, gimmicks
what are some of the problems due to high consumption of sugar
, increased risk of diabetes, heart disease (HDL, TRIG, BP), obesity, gout
what are the recommendations of the American Heart Association for sugar intake for men
and women
6 tbs - women
9 tbsp - men
amount of sugar present in some coffee beverages
iced caramel latte large - 49g
caramel coffee medium - 39g
caramel coffee small - 24g
do all countries have the same represenations for food recommendations?
no it varies a little from country to country
canada uses rainbow
china uses pagoda
italy uses food pyramid
united kingdom uses eatwell plate
are alcohol and drugs a problem for adults in the US
61% of US adults drink alcohol
5 nutrients that are not taken enough by adults
fiber, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, folic acid,
physical recommendations for adults? aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening
