NUR 198 EXAM 1 JOYCE UNIVERSITY-
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |
2026 UPDATE
What cardiovascular changes are common in older adults?
Decreased cardiac output, arterial stiffness, orthostatic hypotension, and decreased baroreceptor
sensitivity.
How does aging affect renal function?
Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), reduced ability to concentrate urine, and increased
risk for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
What gastrointestinal changes occur with aging?
Decreased motility, reduced gastric acid secretion, and increased risk for constipation and
malabsorption.
What is ageism in healthcare?
Stereotyping or discrimination against individuals based on age, often leading to under-treatment
or dismissal of symptoms.
How can nurses reduce ageism?
Use person-centered care, avoid assumptions, include older adults in decision-making, and
advocate for appropriate treatments.
What is delirium?
, An acute, fluctuating disturbance in attention and cognition, often reversible and caused by
illness, medications, or metabolic imbalance.
How does dementia differ from delirium?
Dementia is chronic, progressive, and irreversible, with gradual cognitive decline and intact
attention early in the disease.
What are types of elder abuse?
Physical, emotional, sexual, financial exploitation, neglect, and self-neglect.
What is the nurse's responsibility if abuse is suspected?
Mandatory reporting, documentation of objective findings, and ensuring patient safety.
What is polypharmacy?
The use of multiple medications, increasing the risk for adverse drug reactions and interactions.
Why are older adults at higher risk for polypharmacy?
Altered metabolism, decreased renal clearance, and multiple chronic conditions.
Beers Criteria
A list of medications that are generally considered inappropriate when given to elderly people
What are descriptors of chronic illness?
Long duration, often irreversible, requires ongoing management, impacts quality of life.
What is the nursing focus for chronic illness management?
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |
2026 UPDATE
What cardiovascular changes are common in older adults?
Decreased cardiac output, arterial stiffness, orthostatic hypotension, and decreased baroreceptor
sensitivity.
How does aging affect renal function?
Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), reduced ability to concentrate urine, and increased
risk for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
What gastrointestinal changes occur with aging?
Decreased motility, reduced gastric acid secretion, and increased risk for constipation and
malabsorption.
What is ageism in healthcare?
Stereotyping or discrimination against individuals based on age, often leading to under-treatment
or dismissal of symptoms.
How can nurses reduce ageism?
Use person-centered care, avoid assumptions, include older adults in decision-making, and
advocate for appropriate treatments.
What is delirium?
, An acute, fluctuating disturbance in attention and cognition, often reversible and caused by
illness, medications, or metabolic imbalance.
How does dementia differ from delirium?
Dementia is chronic, progressive, and irreversible, with gradual cognitive decline and intact
attention early in the disease.
What are types of elder abuse?
Physical, emotional, sexual, financial exploitation, neglect, and self-neglect.
What is the nurse's responsibility if abuse is suspected?
Mandatory reporting, documentation of objective findings, and ensuring patient safety.
What is polypharmacy?
The use of multiple medications, increasing the risk for adverse drug reactions and interactions.
Why are older adults at higher risk for polypharmacy?
Altered metabolism, decreased renal clearance, and multiple chronic conditions.
Beers Criteria
A list of medications that are generally considered inappropriate when given to elderly people
What are descriptors of chronic illness?
Long duration, often irreversible, requires ongoing management, impacts quality of life.
What is the nursing focus for chronic illness management?
