BIO100 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 4
UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What is catastrophism?
Answer: The theory that sudden, dramatic events cause major changes in
nature.
◉ Who developed the theory of natural selection?
Answer: Charles Darwin.
◉ What did Thomas Malthus contribute to Darwin's theory?
Answer: He influenced Darwin with the concept of population growth.
◉ What is the Great Synthesis in genetics?
Answer: The combination of Darwin's evolution and Mendelian
genetics.
◉ What does population genetics study?
Answer: How allele frequencies change over time.
◉ What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
, Answer: A principle stating that populations do not evolve if certain
conditions are met.
◉ List the five conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
Answer: No mutation, no migration, no natural selection, random
mating, infinite population size.
◉ What is the equation for allele frequency in Hardy-Weinberg?
Answer: p + q = 1, where p is the dominant allele frequency and q is the
recessive allele frequency.
◉ What is the genotype frequency equation in Hardy-Weinberg?
Answer: p² + 2pq + q² = 1.
◉ How do you find the frequency of heterozygotes given p?
Answer: Use the formula 2pq.
◉ What happens if any Hardy-Weinberg condition is broken?
Answer: Evolution occurs.
◉ What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?
Answer: A recessive disease that occurs in 1 in 10,000 births.
◉ What is the central dogma of biology?
UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What is catastrophism?
Answer: The theory that sudden, dramatic events cause major changes in
nature.
◉ Who developed the theory of natural selection?
Answer: Charles Darwin.
◉ What did Thomas Malthus contribute to Darwin's theory?
Answer: He influenced Darwin with the concept of population growth.
◉ What is the Great Synthesis in genetics?
Answer: The combination of Darwin's evolution and Mendelian
genetics.
◉ What does population genetics study?
Answer: How allele frequencies change over time.
◉ What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
, Answer: A principle stating that populations do not evolve if certain
conditions are met.
◉ List the five conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
Answer: No mutation, no migration, no natural selection, random
mating, infinite population size.
◉ What is the equation for allele frequency in Hardy-Weinberg?
Answer: p + q = 1, where p is the dominant allele frequency and q is the
recessive allele frequency.
◉ What is the genotype frequency equation in Hardy-Weinberg?
Answer: p² + 2pq + q² = 1.
◉ How do you find the frequency of heterozygotes given p?
Answer: Use the formula 2pq.
◉ What happens if any Hardy-Weinberg condition is broken?
Answer: Evolution occurs.
◉ What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?
Answer: A recessive disease that occurs in 1 in 10,000 births.
◉ What is the central dogma of biology?
