BIO 105 EXAM 4 PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ Cuvier & Lyell.
Answer: Fossils & Geologic time
◉ Lamarck.
Answer: Noticed species change
-originally proposed that individuals passed on to offspring body
and behavior changes acquired during their lives (wrong)
-linked diversity with environmental adaptation
◉ Malthus.
Answer: exponential population growth
-said human population cannot continue to increase exponentially;
consequences will be war, famine & disease
-more offspring produced than environment can handle
-individuals experience constant struggle
◉ Darwin.
Answer: mechanisms for change over time (Natural Selection)
-Fossils
,-Marine mollusks in Andes mountains
-Convinced him of length of geological time
-Observed that fossil animals share features with modern
-Led to conclusion that organisms change over time
-supports Lamarck's observation that species change
◉ Biogeography.
Answer: study of the distribution of organisms around the world
◉ Darwin saw "ecological equivalents".
Answer: similar species in similar habitats
◉ convergent evolution.
Answer: Process by which unrelated organisms independently
evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
◉ Adaptive radiation.
Answer: -An evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve
from a single ancestral species
-evolution from a common ancestor of many species adapted to
diverse environments
*Rapid phenotypic adaptation of species to a range of environments
resulting in morphological and physiological adaptations
, ◉ What is adaptive radiation based on?.
Answer: 1. Morphology (morphing)
2. Niche
3. Geography
◉ Why are there different alleles of a gene?.
Answer: mutation
◉ How did the bacteria get this resistant allele? (Natural Selection).
Answer: Inherited it
◉ Natural Selection.
Answer: Affects the fitness of a single individual in a population
depending on their traits
◉ Evolution - in reference to frequencies.
Answer: Differing fitness causes frequencies of genes in the
populations to change
◉ The target of natural selection is....
Answer: individual
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ Cuvier & Lyell.
Answer: Fossils & Geologic time
◉ Lamarck.
Answer: Noticed species change
-originally proposed that individuals passed on to offspring body
and behavior changes acquired during their lives (wrong)
-linked diversity with environmental adaptation
◉ Malthus.
Answer: exponential population growth
-said human population cannot continue to increase exponentially;
consequences will be war, famine & disease
-more offspring produced than environment can handle
-individuals experience constant struggle
◉ Darwin.
Answer: mechanisms for change over time (Natural Selection)
-Fossils
,-Marine mollusks in Andes mountains
-Convinced him of length of geological time
-Observed that fossil animals share features with modern
-Led to conclusion that organisms change over time
-supports Lamarck's observation that species change
◉ Biogeography.
Answer: study of the distribution of organisms around the world
◉ Darwin saw "ecological equivalents".
Answer: similar species in similar habitats
◉ convergent evolution.
Answer: Process by which unrelated organisms independently
evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
◉ Adaptive radiation.
Answer: -An evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve
from a single ancestral species
-evolution from a common ancestor of many species adapted to
diverse environments
*Rapid phenotypic adaptation of species to a range of environments
resulting in morphological and physiological adaptations
, ◉ What is adaptive radiation based on?.
Answer: 1. Morphology (morphing)
2. Niche
3. Geography
◉ Why are there different alleles of a gene?.
Answer: mutation
◉ How did the bacteria get this resistant allele? (Natural Selection).
Answer: Inherited it
◉ Natural Selection.
Answer: Affects the fitness of a single individual in a population
depending on their traits
◉ Evolution - in reference to frequencies.
Answer: Differing fitness causes frequencies of genes in the
populations to change
◉ The target of natural selection is....
Answer: individual
