BASI PILATES FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
◉ Sagital Plane (planes of motion)
Answer: Dividing the body into unequal right and left portions
◉ Coronal Plane (planes of motion)
Answer: Dividing the body into front and back portions
◉ Transverse Plane (planes of motion)
Answer: Dividing the body into upper and lower portions
◉ Anatonical position
Answer: Standing with arms down by side and palms facing forward
◉ Anterior/Ventral (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Front side/in front of
◉ Posterior/Dorsal (anatomical direction/position)
,Answer: Backside/in back of
◉ Medial (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Closer to the median plane/towards midline
◉ Lateral (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Further from the median plane/toward side
◉ Superior/Cranial (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Above/towards head
◉ Inferior/Caudal (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Below/towards feet
◉ Proximal (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Closer to root of limb or median plane.
◉ Distal (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Further from root of limb or median plane
◉ Supine (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Lying on back
,◉ Prone (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Lying on front
◉ Flexion (joint movements)
Answer: Movement in an anterior direction for the upper
extremities and hip joint and movement in a posterior direction for
the lower extremities
◉ Extension (joint movements)
Answer: Movement in a posterior direction for the upper extremities
and hip joint and movement in an anterior direction for the lower
extremities
◉ Hyperextension (joint movements)
Answer: Excessive movement/position in the direction of extension
e.g. knees, lumbar, and cervical curvatures of the spine
◉ Abduction (joint movements)
Answer: Moving AWAY from the midline of the body
◉ Adduction (joint movements)
Answer: Moving TOWARDS the midline of the body
, ◉ Rotation (joint movements)
Answer: Turning around the long axis of a bone. Takes place in the
transverse plane around the longitudinal axis.
◉ Lateral Flexion (joint movements)
Answer: Side bending of the trunk to the right or left. Lateral
movement of the head, neck, and trunk in the coronal plane and
around the sagital axis.
◉ Inversion (joint movements)
Answer: Lifting the inside portion of the foot upward, Turning sole
inward; weight on outer edge of the foot
◉ Eversion (joint movements)
Answer: Lifting the outside portion ot the foot outward, turning sole
outward; weight on inner edge of the foot
◉ Retraction (scapular) (joint movements)
Answer: Bringing shoulder blades together toward spine
(also=adduction)
◉ Protraction (scapular) (joint movements)
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
◉ Sagital Plane (planes of motion)
Answer: Dividing the body into unequal right and left portions
◉ Coronal Plane (planes of motion)
Answer: Dividing the body into front and back portions
◉ Transverse Plane (planes of motion)
Answer: Dividing the body into upper and lower portions
◉ Anatonical position
Answer: Standing with arms down by side and palms facing forward
◉ Anterior/Ventral (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Front side/in front of
◉ Posterior/Dorsal (anatomical direction/position)
,Answer: Backside/in back of
◉ Medial (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Closer to the median plane/towards midline
◉ Lateral (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Further from the median plane/toward side
◉ Superior/Cranial (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Above/towards head
◉ Inferior/Caudal (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Below/towards feet
◉ Proximal (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Closer to root of limb or median plane.
◉ Distal (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Further from root of limb or median plane
◉ Supine (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Lying on back
,◉ Prone (anatomical direction/position)
Answer: Lying on front
◉ Flexion (joint movements)
Answer: Movement in an anterior direction for the upper
extremities and hip joint and movement in a posterior direction for
the lower extremities
◉ Extension (joint movements)
Answer: Movement in a posterior direction for the upper extremities
and hip joint and movement in an anterior direction for the lower
extremities
◉ Hyperextension (joint movements)
Answer: Excessive movement/position in the direction of extension
e.g. knees, lumbar, and cervical curvatures of the spine
◉ Abduction (joint movements)
Answer: Moving AWAY from the midline of the body
◉ Adduction (joint movements)
Answer: Moving TOWARDS the midline of the body
, ◉ Rotation (joint movements)
Answer: Turning around the long axis of a bone. Takes place in the
transverse plane around the longitudinal axis.
◉ Lateral Flexion (joint movements)
Answer: Side bending of the trunk to the right or left. Lateral
movement of the head, neck, and trunk in the coronal plane and
around the sagital axis.
◉ Inversion (joint movements)
Answer: Lifting the inside portion of the foot upward, Turning sole
inward; weight on outer edge of the foot
◉ Eversion (joint movements)
Answer: Lifting the outside portion ot the foot outward, turning sole
outward; weight on inner edge of the foot
◉ Retraction (scapular) (joint movements)
Answer: Bringing shoulder blades together toward spine
(also=adduction)
◉ Protraction (scapular) (joint movements)
