BIOD 331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4 |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026
UPDATED | 100% CORRECT - PORTAGE.
pathophysiology - answer-not only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but
also the effects that these changes have on total body function.
5 etiologic factors and example - answer-Biologic agents (bacteria, viruses), physical forces
(trauma, burns, radiation), chemical agents (poisons, alcohol), one's genetic inheritance, and
nutritional excesses or deficiencies.
two types of risk factors - answer-Risk factors can be categorized as congenital conditions
(present at birth) or acquired defects (occurring after birth).
morphology - answer-the fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
histology - answer-the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
symptom - answer-a subjective complaint, for example pain, trouble breathing, or dizziness
sign - answer-an objective manifestation, for example an elevated temperature, a swollen
extremity, or changes in pupil size.
3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis - answer-The diagnostic process requires a
careful history, physical examination (PE), and sometimes diagnostic tests
1
, validity - answer-how a tool measures what it is intended to measure
reliability - answer-how likely the same result will occur if repeated.
sensitivity - answer-the proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease.
specificity - answer-people without the disease who are negative on a given test.
epidemiology - answer-the study of disease occurrence in human populations. It tracks age,
race, dietary habits, lifestyle, or geographic location.
incidence - answer-the number of new cases in a population at risk during a specified time
prevalence - answer-the number of people with the disease in a population in a given time
morbidity - answer-the effect of an illness on one's life
mortality - answer-statistics that deal with the cause of death in a population
primary prevention - answer-to remove risk factors to prevent disease from occurring- taking
folic acid while pregnant to prevent neural tube defects, vaccinating children to prevent
communicable disease, eating healthy and exercising to prevent heart disease, and wearing
seatbelts or helmets.
secondary prevention - answer-aims to detect and treat disease early, usually while the disease
2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026
UPDATED | 100% CORRECT - PORTAGE.
pathophysiology - answer-not only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but
also the effects that these changes have on total body function.
5 etiologic factors and example - answer-Biologic agents (bacteria, viruses), physical forces
(trauma, burns, radiation), chemical agents (poisons, alcohol), one's genetic inheritance, and
nutritional excesses or deficiencies.
two types of risk factors - answer-Risk factors can be categorized as congenital conditions
(present at birth) or acquired defects (occurring after birth).
morphology - answer-the fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
histology - answer-the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
symptom - answer-a subjective complaint, for example pain, trouble breathing, or dizziness
sign - answer-an objective manifestation, for example an elevated temperature, a swollen
extremity, or changes in pupil size.
3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis - answer-The diagnostic process requires a
careful history, physical examination (PE), and sometimes diagnostic tests
1
, validity - answer-how a tool measures what it is intended to measure
reliability - answer-how likely the same result will occur if repeated.
sensitivity - answer-the proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease.
specificity - answer-people without the disease who are negative on a given test.
epidemiology - answer-the study of disease occurrence in human populations. It tracks age,
race, dietary habits, lifestyle, or geographic location.
incidence - answer-the number of new cases in a population at risk during a specified time
prevalence - answer-the number of people with the disease in a population in a given time
morbidity - answer-the effect of an illness on one's life
mortality - answer-statistics that deal with the cause of death in a population
primary prevention - answer-to remove risk factors to prevent disease from occurring- taking
folic acid while pregnant to prevent neural tube defects, vaccinating children to prevent
communicable disease, eating healthy and exercising to prevent heart disease, and wearing
seatbelts or helmets.
secondary prevention - answer-aims to detect and treat disease early, usually while the disease
2
