GASTROINTESTINAL COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPERT REVIEWED
●● Primary Digestive Organs.
Answer: Mouth, most of pharynx, esophagus stomach, small intestines,
large intestines.
●● Mobility.
Answer: the capability of the GI tract to mix and move material along its
length
●● Mechanical Digestion.
Answer: Food being physically manipulated by the teeth cutting and
grinding, and then the smooth muscle of the stomach and small
intestines churning the food.
●● Chemical Disgestion.
Answer: Food being broken down into smaller molecules by hydrolysis
and enzymes made by the GI tract to cause a catabolic reaction resulting
in energy.
●● 4 Layers of the GI Tract (from deep to superficial).
,Answer: Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, Serosa
●● 3 Layers of the Mucosa (from deep to superficial).
Answer: Epithelium, Lamina propria, Muscularis mucosae
●● Epithelium of the Mucosa.
Answer: 1st layer of Mucosa
*Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous: Found in mouth pharynx,
esophagus, and anal canal for the function of protection.
OR
*Simple Columnar Epithelium: Found in the stomach and intestines and
for the function of secretion and absorption.
●● Lamina propria of the Mucosa.
Answer: 2nd layer of Mucosa
Contains blood, lymphatic vessels, and MALT (Mucosa-associated
lymphatic tissue).
●● Muscularis mucosae of the Mucosa.
, Answer: 3rd layer of Mucosa
Smooth muscle fibers creating fold that increase surface area for optimal
absorption and digestion.
●● Submucosa.
Answer: 2nd layer of the GI tract, vascular and has a network of neurons
called the submucosal plexus.
●● Muscularis.
Answer: 3rd layer of the GI tract, depending on location of the GI tract;
made of either smooth or skeletal muscle. Contains a inner sheet of
circular fibers and outer sheet of longitudinal fibers. Mycentric Plexus is
located between the two sheets of fibers.
●● Serosa.
Answer: 4th and most superficial layer of the GI tract.
●● GI Reflex Pathway.
Answer: Neurons of the Enteric Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous
System and Central Nervous System come together and either inhibit or
activate GI glands and smooth muscle. This alters GI secretions and
mobility.
ASSESSMENT 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXPERT REVIEWED
●● Primary Digestive Organs.
Answer: Mouth, most of pharynx, esophagus stomach, small intestines,
large intestines.
●● Mobility.
Answer: the capability of the GI tract to mix and move material along its
length
●● Mechanical Digestion.
Answer: Food being physically manipulated by the teeth cutting and
grinding, and then the smooth muscle of the stomach and small
intestines churning the food.
●● Chemical Disgestion.
Answer: Food being broken down into smaller molecules by hydrolysis
and enzymes made by the GI tract to cause a catabolic reaction resulting
in energy.
●● 4 Layers of the GI Tract (from deep to superficial).
,Answer: Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, Serosa
●● 3 Layers of the Mucosa (from deep to superficial).
Answer: Epithelium, Lamina propria, Muscularis mucosae
●● Epithelium of the Mucosa.
Answer: 1st layer of Mucosa
*Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous: Found in mouth pharynx,
esophagus, and anal canal for the function of protection.
OR
*Simple Columnar Epithelium: Found in the stomach and intestines and
for the function of secretion and absorption.
●● Lamina propria of the Mucosa.
Answer: 2nd layer of Mucosa
Contains blood, lymphatic vessels, and MALT (Mucosa-associated
lymphatic tissue).
●● Muscularis mucosae of the Mucosa.
, Answer: 3rd layer of Mucosa
Smooth muscle fibers creating fold that increase surface area for optimal
absorption and digestion.
●● Submucosa.
Answer: 2nd layer of the GI tract, vascular and has a network of neurons
called the submucosal plexus.
●● Muscularis.
Answer: 3rd layer of the GI tract, depending on location of the GI tract;
made of either smooth or skeletal muscle. Contains a inner sheet of
circular fibers and outer sheet of longitudinal fibers. Mycentric Plexus is
located between the two sheets of fibers.
●● Serosa.
Answer: 4th and most superficial layer of the GI tract.
●● GI Reflex Pathway.
Answer: Neurons of the Enteric Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous
System and Central Nervous System come together and either inhibit or
activate GI glands and smooth muscle. This alters GI secretions and
mobility.
