NSC-150 Exam 1 || A+ Guaranteed.
Carbohydrate function in the body correct answers Broken down to provide energy, the main
energy source for cells, fuel for the body and brain
Glycemic Index (GI) correct answers Relative ranking of carbohydrate in foods according to
how they affect blood glucose levels
Monosaccharides correct answers Single sugar molecules, glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides correct answers A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by
dehydration synthesis, sucrose, lactose, maltose
What are polysaccharides? correct answers Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two
monosaccharides
Starch correct answers Complex polysaccharide, broken down to get energy, can be digested
Fiber correct answers Complex polysaccharide, not absorbed (digested), lack enzyme
Soluble and insoluble fiber (foods and benefits) correct answers Soluble - Soaks up water as it
passes through the body. Can help with weight management and create feelings of satiety. Can
also help lower cholesterol and blood glucose. Ex. oats, oat bran, and apples.
Insoluble - Does not dissolve in water like soluble fiber. Can help with GI health and protect
against colon cancer. Decreased transit time. ex. veggies, wheat, rye, rice
What is insulin and its effects? correct answers A hormone produced by the pancreas, lowers
blood glucose levels
What is glucagon and its effects? correct answers A hormone produced by the pancreas,
increases blood glucose levels
Type 1 diabetes correct answers The pancreas can no longer produce insulin.
Cause - by autoimmune disease
Symptoms - thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, rapid weight loss
Requires insulin administration
Type 2 diabetes correct answers Most common form of diabetes , develops in adulthood, insulin
resistance
Cause - poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity
Symptoms - develop gradually (CVD, limb numbness)
Prevention - exercise, prevent obesity, distribution of body fat
What is gluten correct answers Protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, contains a specific
sequence of amino acids located in the prolamin fraction of wheat.
, What causes Celiac disease correct answers An interaction between genetics (one must have the
gene) and environment (exposure to the protein gluten)
Normal fasting blood glucose levels correct answers 70-100 mg/dL
Probiotic v prebiotic correct answers Probiotic - live microorganisms (bacteria), which when
administered in adequate amounts should confer a health benefit.
Prebiotic - ingredient that targets the microbiota (bacteria) already present within the gut, acting
as a "food" for the target microbes.
What causes lactose intolerance correct answers The small intestine does not produce enough of
the enzyme lactase, so the disaccharide lactose present in dairy foods cannot be digested
HDL vs LDL correct answers HDL (high density lipoprotein) - removes cholesterol, more
protein, "good cholesterol"
LDL (low density lipoprotein) - drops off cholesterol, more cholesterol, "bad cholesterol"
Saturated fat v. monounsaturated fats (MUFA) v. polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) correct answers
SFA - single bonds
MUFA - one double bond
PUFA - More than one double bond
Fatty acid (SFA, MUFA, PUFA) molecular structure difference, foods in which they are found
correct answers SFA - hydrocarbon molecules have a hydrogen atom on every carbon and thus
are fully hydrogenated ex. cheese, butter, bacon, cakes
MUFA - one carbon-carbon double bond in its carbon chain ex. nuts, avocado, sunflower oil,
peanut oil
PUFA - more than one carbon-carbon double bond in its carbon chain ex. walnuts, sunflower
seeds, corn oil
What are the essential fatty acids, their functions, and why are they called what they are? correct
answers Omega 3 (linolenic) - cannot be made by the body, heart health, mental health, fight
inflammation
Omega 6 (linoleic) - cannot be made in the body, maintain bone health, regulate metabolism, and
maintain the reproductive system
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are identified by the location of their first double bond from the CH3
EPA & DHA benefits; foods in which they are found correct answers EPA (Eicosapentaenoic
acid) - reduce inflammation
DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) - reduce heart disease risk, fights inflammation
Both are found in seafood, especially fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, herring, and halibut
Triglyceride structure; where are they stored in the body correct answers Composed of one
glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules. Transported in the blood and taken up by cells.
Short chain, medium chain, long chain fatty acid (# of carbons) correct answers Short - 6
Carbohydrate function in the body correct answers Broken down to provide energy, the main
energy source for cells, fuel for the body and brain
Glycemic Index (GI) correct answers Relative ranking of carbohydrate in foods according to
how they affect blood glucose levels
Monosaccharides correct answers Single sugar molecules, glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides correct answers A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by
dehydration synthesis, sucrose, lactose, maltose
What are polysaccharides? correct answers Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two
monosaccharides
Starch correct answers Complex polysaccharide, broken down to get energy, can be digested
Fiber correct answers Complex polysaccharide, not absorbed (digested), lack enzyme
Soluble and insoluble fiber (foods and benefits) correct answers Soluble - Soaks up water as it
passes through the body. Can help with weight management and create feelings of satiety. Can
also help lower cholesterol and blood glucose. Ex. oats, oat bran, and apples.
Insoluble - Does not dissolve in water like soluble fiber. Can help with GI health and protect
against colon cancer. Decreased transit time. ex. veggies, wheat, rye, rice
What is insulin and its effects? correct answers A hormone produced by the pancreas, lowers
blood glucose levels
What is glucagon and its effects? correct answers A hormone produced by the pancreas,
increases blood glucose levels
Type 1 diabetes correct answers The pancreas can no longer produce insulin.
Cause - by autoimmune disease
Symptoms - thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, rapid weight loss
Requires insulin administration
Type 2 diabetes correct answers Most common form of diabetes , develops in adulthood, insulin
resistance
Cause - poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity
Symptoms - develop gradually (CVD, limb numbness)
Prevention - exercise, prevent obesity, distribution of body fat
What is gluten correct answers Protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, contains a specific
sequence of amino acids located in the prolamin fraction of wheat.
, What causes Celiac disease correct answers An interaction between genetics (one must have the
gene) and environment (exposure to the protein gluten)
Normal fasting blood glucose levels correct answers 70-100 mg/dL
Probiotic v prebiotic correct answers Probiotic - live microorganisms (bacteria), which when
administered in adequate amounts should confer a health benefit.
Prebiotic - ingredient that targets the microbiota (bacteria) already present within the gut, acting
as a "food" for the target microbes.
What causes lactose intolerance correct answers The small intestine does not produce enough of
the enzyme lactase, so the disaccharide lactose present in dairy foods cannot be digested
HDL vs LDL correct answers HDL (high density lipoprotein) - removes cholesterol, more
protein, "good cholesterol"
LDL (low density lipoprotein) - drops off cholesterol, more cholesterol, "bad cholesterol"
Saturated fat v. monounsaturated fats (MUFA) v. polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) correct answers
SFA - single bonds
MUFA - one double bond
PUFA - More than one double bond
Fatty acid (SFA, MUFA, PUFA) molecular structure difference, foods in which they are found
correct answers SFA - hydrocarbon molecules have a hydrogen atom on every carbon and thus
are fully hydrogenated ex. cheese, butter, bacon, cakes
MUFA - one carbon-carbon double bond in its carbon chain ex. nuts, avocado, sunflower oil,
peanut oil
PUFA - more than one carbon-carbon double bond in its carbon chain ex. walnuts, sunflower
seeds, corn oil
What are the essential fatty acids, their functions, and why are they called what they are? correct
answers Omega 3 (linolenic) - cannot be made by the body, heart health, mental health, fight
inflammation
Omega 6 (linoleic) - cannot be made in the body, maintain bone health, regulate metabolism, and
maintain the reproductive system
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are identified by the location of their first double bond from the CH3
EPA & DHA benefits; foods in which they are found correct answers EPA (Eicosapentaenoic
acid) - reduce inflammation
DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) - reduce heart disease risk, fights inflammation
Both are found in seafood, especially fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, herring, and halibut
Triglyceride structure; where are they stored in the body correct answers Composed of one
glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules. Transported in the blood and taken up by cells.
Short chain, medium chain, long chain fatty acid (# of carbons) correct answers Short - 6
