● Subduction zone vs trench
● What is a fault line
● Topography factor in soil formation
● Soil profile/horizon, layers of soil
● Soil erosion human factors: deforestation, overgrazing, pesticides killing microorganisms in
soil, tillage practice
● AP video 4.1, 4.2, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.9
● Layers of atmosphere
● 4.5: convection pattern where air heats and cools, causing it to rise and fall.
○ Solar radiation causes the air near the equator to become hotter than the air near the
poles. As this air heats up, it rises and leaves a void near the surface of the earth
which is then replaced with the colder air from the poles
○ More sun reaches the equator.
● 4.8: The land around Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea has a more stable
temperature, higher level of humidity keeping temperature stable.
○ Water has high specific heat, high mobility. Land has opposite. Therefore, water is
harder to rise in temperature.
● Warmer currents increase humidity and temperature of land next to current. Colder current
reduces temperature and humidity of land next to current.
● Rainshadow effect:
○ 4.8 pt 2: Wind blows across ocean surface and takes in moisture, moisture breeze
from ocean hits windward side of mountain, once they hit they are shunted up, the air
cools and turns into water vapor, which cools and forms a cloud that rains, rain
makes trees and vegetation on windward side of mountain.
○ Hot dry air goes down the leeward side of mountain. Takes up moisture from ground,
reducing moisture content from ground and creating a desert area.
,
● What is a fault line
● Topography factor in soil formation
● Soil profile/horizon, layers of soil
● Soil erosion human factors: deforestation, overgrazing, pesticides killing microorganisms in
soil, tillage practice
● AP video 4.1, 4.2, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.9
● Layers of atmosphere
● 4.5: convection pattern where air heats and cools, causing it to rise and fall.
○ Solar radiation causes the air near the equator to become hotter than the air near the
poles. As this air heats up, it rises and leaves a void near the surface of the earth
which is then replaced with the colder air from the poles
○ More sun reaches the equator.
● 4.8: The land around Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea has a more stable
temperature, higher level of humidity keeping temperature stable.
○ Water has high specific heat, high mobility. Land has opposite. Therefore, water is
harder to rise in temperature.
● Warmer currents increase humidity and temperature of land next to current. Colder current
reduces temperature and humidity of land next to current.
● Rainshadow effect:
○ 4.8 pt 2: Wind blows across ocean surface and takes in moisture, moisture breeze
from ocean hits windward side of mountain, once they hit they are shunted up, the air
cools and turns into water vapor, which cools and forms a cloud that rains, rain
makes trees and vegetation on windward side of mountain.
○ Hot dry air goes down the leeward side of mountain. Takes up moisture from ground,
reducing moisture content from ground and creating a desert area.
,
