NSG 552 Psychopharmacology Exam
1 - Modules 1-3 PROCTORED LATEST
VERIFIED VERSION OF {2026-2027}
With Expected real and
comprehensive Questions With Well
Elaborated Correct Answers GRADED
A+
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Pharmacokinetics - correct ans:Studies how the body acts on the drug
,Pharmacodynamics - correct ans:Studies how the drug acts on the body
First-generation antipsychotic - correct ans:- first developed in the 1950s, first available treatment for
psychosis
- aka typical antipsychotics
- increased risk for EPS, Tardive dyskinesia
- d2 blocker
- Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically available FGAs
- Most common differences between individual FGAs are their potency and side effects
- examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Haldol (haloperidol), Prolixin (fluphenazine),
perphenazine (Trilafon
Second-generation antipsychotic - correct ans:- examples include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel
(quetiapine), Zyprexa (olanzapine), Risperdal (risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine)
- lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen
- higher risk of metabolic side effects
- serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists
- AKA atypical antipsychotics
EPS - correct ans:Involuntary movements that occur as a side effect to certina medications. AKA drug
induced movement disorder. May include tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like
symptoms, akathesia, NMD, akinesia
- Can be acute or chronic
- related to suppression of D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
Tardive dyskinesia - correct ans:- characterized by involuntary movments in the face and body
- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs
- can be associated with use of other medication types (antidepressants, lithium, antihistamines)
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics
, - movements may include: writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip smacking, pill rolling, tongue
protrusion
Upregulation - correct ans:Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is the process by which a cell
increases its response to a subtance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific response
downregulation - correct ans:Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous system. Characterized by a
decreased response by a cell to a molecule or neurotransmitter.
Receptor Profiles - correct ans:FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors
SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A agonism. Also antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C,
and a1 receptors
Binding - correct ans:When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving cell, it causes ion
channels to open or close.
Affinity - correct ans:The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind to a receptor
Constant
Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their structures
CYP450 - correct ans:- membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in the detoxification of
xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying drug-drug interactions
- A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes = decreased drug metabolism and
increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum concentation of other drugs
metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain drugs
Dopamine Pathways - correct ans:- mesolimbic (positive sx)
- mesocortical (negative sx)
- nigrostriatal (EPS)
1 - Modules 1-3 PROCTORED LATEST
VERIFIED VERSION OF {2026-2027}
With Expected real and
comprehensive Questions With Well
Elaborated Correct Answers GRADED
A+
Professional Academic Assistance Services
Services Offered
Proctored Exam Assistance
Online Class Management (Full Course Support)
Exam Preparation & Study Materials
Assignments and Coursework Support
Essays and Research Papers
Discussion Posts and Replies
Pharmacokinetics - correct ans:Studies how the body acts on the drug
,Pharmacodynamics - correct ans:Studies how the drug acts on the body
First-generation antipsychotic - correct ans:- first developed in the 1950s, first available treatment for
psychosis
- aka typical antipsychotics
- increased risk for EPS, Tardive dyskinesia
- d2 blocker
- Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically available FGAs
- Most common differences between individual FGAs are their potency and side effects
- examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Haldol (haloperidol), Prolixin (fluphenazine),
perphenazine (Trilafon
Second-generation antipsychotic - correct ans:- examples include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel
(quetiapine), Zyprexa (olanzapine), Risperdal (risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine)
- lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen
- higher risk of metabolic side effects
- serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists
- AKA atypical antipsychotics
EPS - correct ans:Involuntary movements that occur as a side effect to certina medications. AKA drug
induced movement disorder. May include tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like
symptoms, akathesia, NMD, akinesia
- Can be acute or chronic
- related to suppression of D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
Tardive dyskinesia - correct ans:- characterized by involuntary movments in the face and body
- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs
- can be associated with use of other medication types (antidepressants, lithium, antihistamines)
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics
, - movements may include: writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip smacking, pill rolling, tongue
protrusion
Upregulation - correct ans:Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is the process by which a cell
increases its response to a subtance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific response
downregulation - correct ans:Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous system. Characterized by a
decreased response by a cell to a molecule or neurotransmitter.
Receptor Profiles - correct ans:FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors
SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A agonism. Also antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C,
and a1 receptors
Binding - correct ans:When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving cell, it causes ion
channels to open or close.
Affinity - correct ans:The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind to a receptor
Constant
Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their structures
CYP450 - correct ans:- membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in the detoxification of
xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying drug-drug interactions
- A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes = decreased drug metabolism and
increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum concentation of other drugs
metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain drugs
Dopamine Pathways - correct ans:- mesolimbic (positive sx)
- mesocortical (negative sx)
- nigrostriatal (EPS)
