FOUNDATIONS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE IN
CANADA BORIS BARD KEY CONCEPTS AND
PSYCHIATRIC CARE NOTES 2026
◉ __________________are the body's chemical messengers. Answer:
Neurotransmitters
◉ Which of the following is congruent with Freud's approach to
therapy?
A. Psychoanalysis
B. Gestalt
C. Somatism
D. Self-actualization. Answer: A. Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis, which means to explore the unconscious, is Freud's
approach to therapy. Somatism refers to the belief that all mental
illnesses have physical origins. Frederick Perls sparked the idea of
the gestalt, which means "whole." Abraham Maslow developed the
concept of self-actualization, which encourages individuals to
develop to their highest potential.
◉ Who believed that personality could change during adulthood and
is influenced by future plans, goals, and dreams?
A.Sigmund Freud
,B. Ivan Pavlov
C. Carl Jung
D. Albert Bandura. Answer: C. Carl Jung
Carl Jung differed from Freud in that Jung believed personality could
change during adulthood. Sigmund Freud's theories focused on
behaviors of which the patient was unaware. Albert Bandura's social
learning theory established a relationship between cognition and
behavior. Ivan Pavlov discovered that behaviors were likely to be
repeated when they were rewarded and were likely to fade when
ignored.
◉ The nurse is assessing a 75-year-old man. Which statement by the
client correlates with the core task of integrity according to
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
A. "I have wasted my life."
B. "I should have moved to Florida with my son."
C. "I am a burden to my family."
D. "I have had a good life and am ready when God wants me.".
Answer: D. "I have had a good life and am ready when God wants
me."
Associated qualities of Erickson's stage of integrity include accepting
one's life and value contributions that one has made. The client
accepts his life and accepts death. Integrity occurs in the stage of
maturity according to Erikson. Erickson's stage of despair is
evidenced when life is viewed as waste or when adults focus on
what "might have been."
, ◉ Which assumption is consistent with the foundation of
behaviorism?
A. All behavior is learned.
B. All behavior is innate.
C. All behavior is emotionally based.
D. All behavior is maladaptive.. Answer: A. All behavior is learned.
According to behavioral theories, all behavior is learned and does
not occur naturally. Behavior is the result of past learning, current
motivation, and biological differences. Dysfunctional behaviors are
the result of learned maladaptive behaviors. Behaviorism is not
based on the assumption that all behavior is emotionally based.
◉ Which theory emphasizes the total individual and the innate
goodness of human nature?
A. Humanistic theory
B. Behavioral theory
C. Developmental theory
D. Personality theory. Answer: A. Humanistic theory
Humanistic theories emphasize the total individual and the positive
aspects of humanity. Behavioral therapy is based on the assumption
that all behavior is learned. Developmental theory describes the
relationships among the body, mind, and society during the life cycle.
Freud's theory of personality development has a theme of sexual
instinct growth from newborn to adult.
CANADA BORIS BARD KEY CONCEPTS AND
PSYCHIATRIC CARE NOTES 2026
◉ __________________are the body's chemical messengers. Answer:
Neurotransmitters
◉ Which of the following is congruent with Freud's approach to
therapy?
A. Psychoanalysis
B. Gestalt
C. Somatism
D. Self-actualization. Answer: A. Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis, which means to explore the unconscious, is Freud's
approach to therapy. Somatism refers to the belief that all mental
illnesses have physical origins. Frederick Perls sparked the idea of
the gestalt, which means "whole." Abraham Maslow developed the
concept of self-actualization, which encourages individuals to
develop to their highest potential.
◉ Who believed that personality could change during adulthood and
is influenced by future plans, goals, and dreams?
A.Sigmund Freud
,B. Ivan Pavlov
C. Carl Jung
D. Albert Bandura. Answer: C. Carl Jung
Carl Jung differed from Freud in that Jung believed personality could
change during adulthood. Sigmund Freud's theories focused on
behaviors of which the patient was unaware. Albert Bandura's social
learning theory established a relationship between cognition and
behavior. Ivan Pavlov discovered that behaviors were likely to be
repeated when they were rewarded and were likely to fade when
ignored.
◉ The nurse is assessing a 75-year-old man. Which statement by the
client correlates with the core task of integrity according to
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
A. "I have wasted my life."
B. "I should have moved to Florida with my son."
C. "I am a burden to my family."
D. "I have had a good life and am ready when God wants me.".
Answer: D. "I have had a good life and am ready when God wants
me."
Associated qualities of Erickson's stage of integrity include accepting
one's life and value contributions that one has made. The client
accepts his life and accepts death. Integrity occurs in the stage of
maturity according to Erikson. Erickson's stage of despair is
evidenced when life is viewed as waste or when adults focus on
what "might have been."
, ◉ Which assumption is consistent with the foundation of
behaviorism?
A. All behavior is learned.
B. All behavior is innate.
C. All behavior is emotionally based.
D. All behavior is maladaptive.. Answer: A. All behavior is learned.
According to behavioral theories, all behavior is learned and does
not occur naturally. Behavior is the result of past learning, current
motivation, and biological differences. Dysfunctional behaviors are
the result of learned maladaptive behaviors. Behaviorism is not
based on the assumption that all behavior is emotionally based.
◉ Which theory emphasizes the total individual and the innate
goodness of human nature?
A. Humanistic theory
B. Behavioral theory
C. Developmental theory
D. Personality theory. Answer: A. Humanistic theory
Humanistic theories emphasize the total individual and the positive
aspects of humanity. Behavioral therapy is based on the assumption
that all behavior is learned. Developmental theory describes the
relationships among the body, mind, and society during the life cycle.
Freud's theory of personality development has a theme of sexual
instinct growth from newborn to adult.
