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Defining Poverty Notes

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Week 1 of SOC 331 'notes for the "Defining Poverty" lecture

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Everyone of us is touched by social welfare and welfare is a way the US responds
to a particular problem. We think of it as programs that only benefit the poor and it
benefits the affluent even more than the poor. When people are not in poverty other
social problems are improved. Social welfare for the middle and upper class they
get more government funding and given higher benefits which also face less
budget cuts. Welfare for the middle and upper class is largely unnoticed and not
stigmatized like welfare for the poor.75% of all social welfare benefits the middle
and upper classes, and 25% or less goes to the poor.

Stigma: a mark of disgrace, a status that diminishes a person’s life chances.

Welfare recipients are harshly stigmatized and considered morally questionable.
Stigma connects to a societal value for work in a culture of capitalism. Stigmatized
beliefs about the poor led to the Personal Responsibility and Work Reconciliation
Act.


Welfare requires people to work. It’s a myth that someone is just sitting there
enjoying free money. Policy is meant to be research driven but it largely is not and
is largely grounded in belief systems especially when it has to do with the poor.
The PRWRA was passed in 1996 and we look at things that led up to that passing
and were grounded in false beliefs about the poor. The stigma really matters
because it drives policy. The shift from the old policy is focused on getting off
welfare and the effort was ideology driven based on things going on at the time.
The beliefs around this time were that people were taking advantage of the system
or were inherently fraudulent. The goal of helping the poor being financially stable
is not the goal in the United States. Other countries do poverty prevention.

The U.S. economic system or capitalism is known as the free market system.
Competition is highly valued. The belief that for capitalism to really thrive is that
the government has to go completely hands off. We are also in a global economy
more than ever before and all our economies are linked to other economies around
the world. The biggest problem with capitalism in the U.S. is that the government
is very involved and there’s a lot of opportunities for the market to be messed with.
This age of corporate capitalism is very new for us. The official poverty measure

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June 12, 2026
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