VTNE MAIN EXAMINATION SET QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔An animal that assumes a praying or play bowing position most likely has _____
pain.
a) neurologically induced
b) abdominal
c) thoracic
d) musculoskeletal - ✔✔b) abdominal
Animals with severe abdominal pain will often adopt a posture with an arched back and
the hind legs moved backward, whereas others will repeatedly stretch into a "praying"
posture, with the forelimbs down and stretched in front of them while the hind limbs
remain standing in a normal position.
✔✔Unstained smears being sent to a reference laboratory should be:
a) frozen.
b) stored at room temperature.
c) preserved with formalin before shipping.
d) stored in a refrigerator. - ✔✔b) stored at room temperature.
Unstained smears being sent to a reference laboratory should be stored at room
temperature, not in a refrigerator or freezer, because water condensation will damage
the cells. Unstained smears should be stored away from formalin fumes.
✔✔Which of the following statements is not true regarding anthrax?
a) Anthrax-contaminated carcasses should be buried in lime or incinerated.
b) Anthrax is endemic in many areas of the southern United States.
c) If an animal is suspected of having anthrax, necropsy should be performed and the
brain sent to the state veterinarian.
d) Contact the area's federal veterinarian immediately if an animal is suspected of
having anthrax. - ✔✔If an animal is suspected of having anthrax, necropsy should be
performed and the brain sent to the state veterinarian.
Because people can easily contract this disease, it is important not to perform necropsy
on any animal suspected of dying from anthrax.
✔✔First-degree AV block occurs when:
a) there is no conduction of sinus impulses through the AV node.
, b) the sinus impulse is blocked at the level of the left or right bundle branch but is
conducted normally through the opposite bundle branch.
c) there is intermittent disruption of AV nodal conduction.
d) conduction through the AV node is delayed. - ✔✔d) conduction through the AV node
is delayed.
First-degree AV block occurs when conduction through the AV node is delayed, causing
a prolonged PR interval on the ECG. First-degree AV block is typically idiopathic, due to
AV nodal fibrosis or vagal stimulation or induced by drugs.
✔✔Trocar, sleeve, blunt obturator, triangulation, and light cable are all terms used in
_____ surgery.
a) orthopedic
b) ophthalmologic
c) emergency
d) arthroscopic - ✔✔d) arthroscopic
In arthroscopy, the sharp trocar is a pointed instrument that is inserted inside a hollow,
cannula-type instrument called the arthroscope sleeve. The trocar and sleeve unit are
used to penetrate the fibrous portion of the joint capsule through a stab incision. Once
the sharp trocar has penetrated the fibrous joint capsule, the sharp trocar is replaced
with an obturator. A fiber-optic light cable is attached directly to the optical light port on
the arthroscope. Finally, the arthroscopic operation is performed via a technique called
triangulation.
✔✔Both a goat and a sheep are scheduled for surgery. Which of the following
presurgical injections will each animal be given?
a) An anticonvulsant
b) NSAIDs
c) Tetanus toxoid or antitoxin
d) Ceftiofur - ✔✔c) Tetanus toxoid or antitoxin
Small ruminants are extremely susceptible to tetanus; therefore, tetanus toxoid and/or
antitoxin should be given to small ruminants any time surgery is performed or an injury
occurs
✔✔For tracheostomy in a calf, you will use a ______mm ID tube.
a) 10- to 15-
b) 10- to 12-
c) 15- to 20-
d) 5- to 10- - ✔✔d) 5- to 10-
,If a patient is presented with an upper airway obstruction, then a tracheostomy can be
performed to permit the animal to breathe. Calves and small ruminants will require 5- to
10-mm ID tubes.
✔✔You are attempting to calibrate a microscope. Starting on low power (10´
magnification), you focus on the 2-mm line on the stage micrometer and then rotate the
eyepiece so that the hash-mark scale is parallel to the stage micrometer scale, aligning
the zero point on both scales. Now you notice that the 0.125-mm mark aligns with the
"10" hash mark on the eyepiece. What is the distance between each hash mark on the
eyepiece?
a) M 0.0125 µm
b) 12.5 µm
c) 1.25 µm
d) 0.125 µm - ✔✔b) 12.5 µm
The steps described in the question are repeated at each magnification; the distance
between hash marks (µm) for the lowest power (10´) is 12.5 µm.
✔✔You are treating a dog who is suffering malabsorption, eating constantly yet losing
weight. He has chronic diarrhea that is pale, fatty, and voluminous. He is diagnosed with
EPI, which is:
a) characterized by painful straining at urination or defecation.
b) caused by complications of advanced diabetes mellitus (DM).
c) caused by insufficient production and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes.
d) characterized by an accumulation of lipids or fats in the cytoplasm of more than 80%
of the hepatocytes. - ✔✔c) caused by insufficient production and secretion of pancreatic
digestive enzymes.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is caused by insufficient production and
secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes.
✔✔During surgery, the veterinarian wants to remove a core of bone for biopsy. He asks
you for a T-shaped, tubular instrument with a cylindrical cutting blade called a(n):
a) trephine.
b) osteotome.
c)rongeur.
d) external fixator. - ✔✔a) Trephines
Trephines and Jamshidi needles are specially designed to remove a core of bone for
biopsy. Trephines are T-shaped reusable stainless steel tubular instruments with a
cylindrical cutting blade similar to that used in a traditional punch biopsy.
✔✔In arthroscopic surgery, burs (or burrs) are:
, a) removed from the animal's coat before the procedure.
b) the pumps used to deliver fluids to the surgical site.
c) a type of forceps used to grasp and remove osteochondral chip fragments.
d) often referred to as a motorized arthroplasty system. - ✔✔d) often referred to as a
motorized arthroplasty system.
Motorized burs (or burrs) are often referred to as a motorized arthroplasty system. The
system consists of a small rounded bur attached to a power-driven shaft. The bur and
shaft are enclosed in a sleeve, with a portion of the bur protected to prevent inadvertent
damage to surrounding articular cartilage.
✔✔Which of the following practices helps ensure adequate steam penetration in the
autoclave?
a) Keeping the pack weight below 5 kg
b) Stacking packs on top of each other
c) Leaving less than 2 cm of space between packs and between the packs and
autoclave walls
d) Keeping the pack size smaller than 30 cm by 30 cm by 50 cm - ✔✔d) Keeping the
pack size smaller than 30 cm by 30 cm by 50 cm
It is recommended that packs be no larger than 30 cm by 30 cm by 50 cm and weigh no
more than 5.4 kg, depending on the type of material being autoclaved.
✔✔How is an antiseptic different from a disinfectant?
a) The former kills or inhibits infectious agents on living tissues and the latter on
inanimate objects.
b) The former is used in consumer cleaners and the latter in cleaners intended for
hospital use only.
c) The former kills only growing bacteria, whereas the latter kills growing bacteria,
bacterial spores, and viruses.
d) The former is used only in soaps and the latter only in foams or liquids. - ✔✔a) The
former kills or inhibits infectious agents on living tissues and the latter on inanimate
objects.
Disinfectants are chemical agents that are applied to inanimate objects to destroy the
vegetative forms of bacteria but not necessarily the spore forms. Antiseptic agents, such
as iodine or chlorhexidine, are substances used on living tissue to effect antisepsis
✔✔A cat's serum sample is orange in color, indicating the presence of:
a) normal serum.
b) Lipemia.
c) in vitro hemolysis.
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔An animal that assumes a praying or play bowing position most likely has _____
pain.
a) neurologically induced
b) abdominal
c) thoracic
d) musculoskeletal - ✔✔b) abdominal
Animals with severe abdominal pain will often adopt a posture with an arched back and
the hind legs moved backward, whereas others will repeatedly stretch into a "praying"
posture, with the forelimbs down and stretched in front of them while the hind limbs
remain standing in a normal position.
✔✔Unstained smears being sent to a reference laboratory should be:
a) frozen.
b) stored at room temperature.
c) preserved with formalin before shipping.
d) stored in a refrigerator. - ✔✔b) stored at room temperature.
Unstained smears being sent to a reference laboratory should be stored at room
temperature, not in a refrigerator or freezer, because water condensation will damage
the cells. Unstained smears should be stored away from formalin fumes.
✔✔Which of the following statements is not true regarding anthrax?
a) Anthrax-contaminated carcasses should be buried in lime or incinerated.
b) Anthrax is endemic in many areas of the southern United States.
c) If an animal is suspected of having anthrax, necropsy should be performed and the
brain sent to the state veterinarian.
d) Contact the area's federal veterinarian immediately if an animal is suspected of
having anthrax. - ✔✔If an animal is suspected of having anthrax, necropsy should be
performed and the brain sent to the state veterinarian.
Because people can easily contract this disease, it is important not to perform necropsy
on any animal suspected of dying from anthrax.
✔✔First-degree AV block occurs when:
a) there is no conduction of sinus impulses through the AV node.
, b) the sinus impulse is blocked at the level of the left or right bundle branch but is
conducted normally through the opposite bundle branch.
c) there is intermittent disruption of AV nodal conduction.
d) conduction through the AV node is delayed. - ✔✔d) conduction through the AV node
is delayed.
First-degree AV block occurs when conduction through the AV node is delayed, causing
a prolonged PR interval on the ECG. First-degree AV block is typically idiopathic, due to
AV nodal fibrosis or vagal stimulation or induced by drugs.
✔✔Trocar, sleeve, blunt obturator, triangulation, and light cable are all terms used in
_____ surgery.
a) orthopedic
b) ophthalmologic
c) emergency
d) arthroscopic - ✔✔d) arthroscopic
In arthroscopy, the sharp trocar is a pointed instrument that is inserted inside a hollow,
cannula-type instrument called the arthroscope sleeve. The trocar and sleeve unit are
used to penetrate the fibrous portion of the joint capsule through a stab incision. Once
the sharp trocar has penetrated the fibrous joint capsule, the sharp trocar is replaced
with an obturator. A fiber-optic light cable is attached directly to the optical light port on
the arthroscope. Finally, the arthroscopic operation is performed via a technique called
triangulation.
✔✔Both a goat and a sheep are scheduled for surgery. Which of the following
presurgical injections will each animal be given?
a) An anticonvulsant
b) NSAIDs
c) Tetanus toxoid or antitoxin
d) Ceftiofur - ✔✔c) Tetanus toxoid or antitoxin
Small ruminants are extremely susceptible to tetanus; therefore, tetanus toxoid and/or
antitoxin should be given to small ruminants any time surgery is performed or an injury
occurs
✔✔For tracheostomy in a calf, you will use a ______mm ID tube.
a) 10- to 15-
b) 10- to 12-
c) 15- to 20-
d) 5- to 10- - ✔✔d) 5- to 10-
,If a patient is presented with an upper airway obstruction, then a tracheostomy can be
performed to permit the animal to breathe. Calves and small ruminants will require 5- to
10-mm ID tubes.
✔✔You are attempting to calibrate a microscope. Starting on low power (10´
magnification), you focus on the 2-mm line on the stage micrometer and then rotate the
eyepiece so that the hash-mark scale is parallel to the stage micrometer scale, aligning
the zero point on both scales. Now you notice that the 0.125-mm mark aligns with the
"10" hash mark on the eyepiece. What is the distance between each hash mark on the
eyepiece?
a) M 0.0125 µm
b) 12.5 µm
c) 1.25 µm
d) 0.125 µm - ✔✔b) 12.5 µm
The steps described in the question are repeated at each magnification; the distance
between hash marks (µm) for the lowest power (10´) is 12.5 µm.
✔✔You are treating a dog who is suffering malabsorption, eating constantly yet losing
weight. He has chronic diarrhea that is pale, fatty, and voluminous. He is diagnosed with
EPI, which is:
a) characterized by painful straining at urination or defecation.
b) caused by complications of advanced diabetes mellitus (DM).
c) caused by insufficient production and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes.
d) characterized by an accumulation of lipids or fats in the cytoplasm of more than 80%
of the hepatocytes. - ✔✔c) caused by insufficient production and secretion of pancreatic
digestive enzymes.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is caused by insufficient production and
secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes.
✔✔During surgery, the veterinarian wants to remove a core of bone for biopsy. He asks
you for a T-shaped, tubular instrument with a cylindrical cutting blade called a(n):
a) trephine.
b) osteotome.
c)rongeur.
d) external fixator. - ✔✔a) Trephines
Trephines and Jamshidi needles are specially designed to remove a core of bone for
biopsy. Trephines are T-shaped reusable stainless steel tubular instruments with a
cylindrical cutting blade similar to that used in a traditional punch biopsy.
✔✔In arthroscopic surgery, burs (or burrs) are:
, a) removed from the animal's coat before the procedure.
b) the pumps used to deliver fluids to the surgical site.
c) a type of forceps used to grasp and remove osteochondral chip fragments.
d) often referred to as a motorized arthroplasty system. - ✔✔d) often referred to as a
motorized arthroplasty system.
Motorized burs (or burrs) are often referred to as a motorized arthroplasty system. The
system consists of a small rounded bur attached to a power-driven shaft. The bur and
shaft are enclosed in a sleeve, with a portion of the bur protected to prevent inadvertent
damage to surrounding articular cartilage.
✔✔Which of the following practices helps ensure adequate steam penetration in the
autoclave?
a) Keeping the pack weight below 5 kg
b) Stacking packs on top of each other
c) Leaving less than 2 cm of space between packs and between the packs and
autoclave walls
d) Keeping the pack size smaller than 30 cm by 30 cm by 50 cm - ✔✔d) Keeping the
pack size smaller than 30 cm by 30 cm by 50 cm
It is recommended that packs be no larger than 30 cm by 30 cm by 50 cm and weigh no
more than 5.4 kg, depending on the type of material being autoclaved.
✔✔How is an antiseptic different from a disinfectant?
a) The former kills or inhibits infectious agents on living tissues and the latter on
inanimate objects.
b) The former is used in consumer cleaners and the latter in cleaners intended for
hospital use only.
c) The former kills only growing bacteria, whereas the latter kills growing bacteria,
bacterial spores, and viruses.
d) The former is used only in soaps and the latter only in foams or liquids. - ✔✔a) The
former kills or inhibits infectious agents on living tissues and the latter on inanimate
objects.
Disinfectants are chemical agents that are applied to inanimate objects to destroy the
vegetative forms of bacteria but not necessarily the spore forms. Antiseptic agents, such
as iodine or chlorhexidine, are substances used on living tissue to effect antisepsis
✔✔A cat's serum sample is orange in color, indicating the presence of:
a) normal serum.
b) Lipemia.
c) in vitro hemolysis.
