Summary Unit 3.3.1. - Introduction to organic chemistry

3. 3. 1.1 .
NOMENCLATURE

general formula =


any
member of homologous series


eg .
Alkanes Cn Hantz

molecular formula -
-

actual number of atoms of each element

eg glucose Cathell
.




empirical formula =

simplest ratio
eg .
glucose CHD

displayed formula -
-
relative position of all atoms
'
and bonds
E i .ci
"


eg propane .


. -
-
.
"

t, I t,

structural formula detail of molecule
minimum
arrangement of atoms in
-
-




eg propane . ltlzlthltt ,
skeletal formula =
assumes H ,
each C changes direction
shows the bonds in C skeleton
only with functional group attached
any
eg.
,


hydrocarbons : ( El H
only alkanes Cn Hunn
saturated → C Ci-


mat number of C bonded alkenes Cn Han
unsaturated f- C H
alkynes EC
→
; no more



functional group
reactive in hydrocarbon chain
-




group
homologous series
family of org compounds with same functional
group diff C chain
length
-




,
.




same
general formula
-




IUPAC RULES
-




longest C chain on molecule -


commas between numbers
-




length and position of any branches on molecule -


dashes between number and letter
-

nature and position of
any
functional groups -




alphabetical order of prefixes

branched alkenes l stem main part lmethieth ; prop ; but i ) ; LONGEST CHAIN
naming
: -



,
. . .
.




I. , suffix -
end of the name
; MOST IMPORTANT FUNCTIONAL GROUP

3. , preffix -
front part ;
LESS IMPORTANT FVNC GROUP .