NUR 371 ACTUAL EXAM 2 |COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS|
2026 LATEST UPDATED| A+
1. How should a nurse demonstrate therapeutic communication with a patient
experiencing paranoid delusions?: Maintain a safe distance (two arm lengths away), keep hands visible in a non-
threatening position, and be warm and welcoming.
Empathize with the patient's feelings but avoid feeding into the delusion.
2. Why should you not argue against a patient's delusions?: Delusions are fixed beliefs, and arguing against them will
not help correct the patient's sense of reality.
3. What type of hallucinations necessitate immediate nursing intervention,
and why?: Command Hallucinations, because they may direct the person to take harmful actions, such as "jump out the
window" or "hit that nurse."
4. For Command Hallucinations, what are the primary nursing interventions?-
: Safety measures need to be implemented immediately.
5. What techniques can help a patient experiencing command hallucinations?-
: Use competing auditory stimuli like music, conversations, or a TV to distract from hallucinations. Be present and
acknowledge the patient's feelings without endorsing the hallucination.
6. What are some signs that a person might be experiencing auditory or visual
hallucinations?: The person may exhibit tracking motions, turn their head toward perceived sounds, have lips moving
silently, talk to themselves as if to another, or show changes in affect like sudden laughter for no reason.
7. What are loose associations?: illogical and disorganized thinking, where thoughts are only loosely connected.
,8. "My friends talk about French fries but how can you trust the French?" "I like to dance; my feet are wet ": Loose
Association
9. What is word salad?: severe form of associative looseness, where words are jumbled and meaningless to the listener.
10. "agents want strength of policy on a boat reigning supreme": word salad
11. "bags stain purple vacuum ": word salad
12. How should a nurse respond to a patient demonstrating loose associations, word salad, or clang associations?:
Do not pretend to understand when you do not.
Place the difficulty in understanding on yourself (e.g., "I'm sorry, I'm having trouble understanding").
Summarize or paraphrase the patient's speech to model clearer communication, and speak concisely and concretely. 13
What is catatonia?: Pronounced increase/decrease in the rate and amount of movement. Alteration in behavior.
14. Persistent catatonia may contribute to:: exhaustion, pneumonia, blood clotting, malnutrition, dehydration.
15. What is the priority nursing care focus for a patient with catatonia?: Address physiological needs, as patients with
severe or persistent catatonia may be unable to care for themselves.
16. What medications are used to treat catatonia?: Benzodiazepines (Ativan)
Klonipin
ECT
17. What are signs of pseudoparkinsonism, and why does it occur?: Symptoms
mimic Parkinson's disease and include tremors, slowed movements, gait impairment, reduced facial expression, and
bradykinesia. It is a side effect of antipsychotic medications.
18. antipsychotic medications: Target D2 (dopamine) receptors
Target D2 and 5-HT2A (serotonin) receptors
, 19. Target D2 (dopamine) receptors: Haldol
Thorazine
20. Target D2 and 5-HT2A (serotonin) receptors: Clozaril
Risperdal
21. What are the negative side effects associated with targeting D2 (dopamine) receptors?: Extrapyramidal side
effects
22. What are the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects related to targeting
D2 receptors?: Involuntary movements, muscle stiffness, tremors, dystonia
23. What are some examples of dystonia symptoms caused by targeting D2 receptors?: Drooling, thrusting jaw, head
rotation to one side
24. What is akathisia in the context of targeting D2 receptors?: Motor restlessness 25. What are the symptoms of
tardive dyskinesia related to targeting D2 re-
ceptors?: Involuntary movements like tongue thrusting, licking, blowing, irregular movements of arms, neck, and
shoulders, rocking, hip jerks, pelvic thrusts
26. What are the anticholinergic effects associated with targeting D2 receptors?: Blurred vision, constipation, dry
mouth, cognitive impairment
27. What are the side effects of D2 and 5-HT2A (serotonin) receptors: Clozaril?-
: Risk of agranulocytosis, increased risk for infection
28 What are the side effects of D2 and 5-HT2A (serotonin) receptors?: Metabolic
syndrome (weight gain in abdominal area, insulin resistance, increased risk for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and
some cancers)
sexual dysfunction, seizures
2026 LATEST UPDATED| A+
1. How should a nurse demonstrate therapeutic communication with a patient
experiencing paranoid delusions?: Maintain a safe distance (two arm lengths away), keep hands visible in a non-
threatening position, and be warm and welcoming.
Empathize with the patient's feelings but avoid feeding into the delusion.
2. Why should you not argue against a patient's delusions?: Delusions are fixed beliefs, and arguing against them will
not help correct the patient's sense of reality.
3. What type of hallucinations necessitate immediate nursing intervention,
and why?: Command Hallucinations, because they may direct the person to take harmful actions, such as "jump out the
window" or "hit that nurse."
4. For Command Hallucinations, what are the primary nursing interventions?-
: Safety measures need to be implemented immediately.
5. What techniques can help a patient experiencing command hallucinations?-
: Use competing auditory stimuli like music, conversations, or a TV to distract from hallucinations. Be present and
acknowledge the patient's feelings without endorsing the hallucination.
6. What are some signs that a person might be experiencing auditory or visual
hallucinations?: The person may exhibit tracking motions, turn their head toward perceived sounds, have lips moving
silently, talk to themselves as if to another, or show changes in affect like sudden laughter for no reason.
7. What are loose associations?: illogical and disorganized thinking, where thoughts are only loosely connected.
,8. "My friends talk about French fries but how can you trust the French?" "I like to dance; my feet are wet ": Loose
Association
9. What is word salad?: severe form of associative looseness, where words are jumbled and meaningless to the listener.
10. "agents want strength of policy on a boat reigning supreme": word salad
11. "bags stain purple vacuum ": word salad
12. How should a nurse respond to a patient demonstrating loose associations, word salad, or clang associations?:
Do not pretend to understand when you do not.
Place the difficulty in understanding on yourself (e.g., "I'm sorry, I'm having trouble understanding").
Summarize or paraphrase the patient's speech to model clearer communication, and speak concisely and concretely. 13
What is catatonia?: Pronounced increase/decrease in the rate and amount of movement. Alteration in behavior.
14. Persistent catatonia may contribute to:: exhaustion, pneumonia, blood clotting, malnutrition, dehydration.
15. What is the priority nursing care focus for a patient with catatonia?: Address physiological needs, as patients with
severe or persistent catatonia may be unable to care for themselves.
16. What medications are used to treat catatonia?: Benzodiazepines (Ativan)
Klonipin
ECT
17. What are signs of pseudoparkinsonism, and why does it occur?: Symptoms
mimic Parkinson's disease and include tremors, slowed movements, gait impairment, reduced facial expression, and
bradykinesia. It is a side effect of antipsychotic medications.
18. antipsychotic medications: Target D2 (dopamine) receptors
Target D2 and 5-HT2A (serotonin) receptors
, 19. Target D2 (dopamine) receptors: Haldol
Thorazine
20. Target D2 and 5-HT2A (serotonin) receptors: Clozaril
Risperdal
21. What are the negative side effects associated with targeting D2 (dopamine) receptors?: Extrapyramidal side
effects
22. What are the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects related to targeting
D2 receptors?: Involuntary movements, muscle stiffness, tremors, dystonia
23. What are some examples of dystonia symptoms caused by targeting D2 receptors?: Drooling, thrusting jaw, head
rotation to one side
24. What is akathisia in the context of targeting D2 receptors?: Motor restlessness 25. What are the symptoms of
tardive dyskinesia related to targeting D2 re-
ceptors?: Involuntary movements like tongue thrusting, licking, blowing, irregular movements of arms, neck, and
shoulders, rocking, hip jerks, pelvic thrusts
26. What are the anticholinergic effects associated with targeting D2 receptors?: Blurred vision, constipation, dry
mouth, cognitive impairment
27. What are the side effects of D2 and 5-HT2A (serotonin) receptors: Clozaril?-
: Risk of agranulocytosis, increased risk for infection
28 What are the side effects of D2 and 5-HT2A (serotonin) receptors?: Metabolic
syndrome (weight gain in abdominal area, insulin resistance, increased risk for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and
some cancers)
sexual dysfunction, seizures
