GEORGIA BIOLOGY EOC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS

GEORGIA BIOLOGY EOC EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Existing cells - ANSWERS-Where do all cells come from?
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Carrying Capacity - ANSWERS- b7 b7 b7


The maximum population of a particular organism that a given environment can su
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pport without detrimental effects
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Gamete - ANSWERS- b7 b7


a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell
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to form a new organism.
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Zygote - ANSWERS- b7 b7


the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage.
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Embryo - ANSWERS- b7 b7


the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early stages of d
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evelopment within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
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Punnett Square - ANSWERS- b7 b7 b7


a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offsprin
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g; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
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Phenotype - ANSWERS- b7 b7


The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental influences.
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Genotype - ANSWERS- b7 b7


the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a sing
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le trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
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Allele - ANSWERS- b7 b7


any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsi
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ble for hereditary variation.
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Homozygous - ANSWERS- b7 b7


having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics
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Heterozygous - ANSWERS- b7 b7


having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic
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Dominant Trait - ANSWERS- b7 b7 b7


a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it
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Recessive Trait - ANSWERS- b7 b7 b7


a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring
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, Nondisjunction - ANSWERS- b7 b7


the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at divisi
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on

Mutation - ANSWERS- b7 b7


a sudden change different than the parent type in one or more heritable characteri
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stics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
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Genetic Engineering - ANSWERS- b7 b7 b7


the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologi
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es that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditar
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y traits of a cell, organism, or population
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Recombinant DNA - ANSWERS- b7 b7 b7


DNA in which one or more segments or genes have been inserted, either naturally
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or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from another part of th
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e same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
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Transcription - ANSWERS- b7 b7


The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template resulting in the
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transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
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Replication - ANSWERS- b7 b7


the process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such as DNA molecules
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, that occurs during growth of living organisms
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Traslation - ANSWERS- b7 b7


The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the production of a prot
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ein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being controlled by the
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base sequences of the mRNA
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Ecosystem - ANSWERS- b7 b7


the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment
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Producer - ANSWERS- b7 b7


An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for other organisms in a f
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ood chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food through photosynt
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hesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances int
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o food through chemosynthesis
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Anterior - ANSWERS-The front surface of the body
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Posterior - ANSWERS-Near the tail end of the body
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Chemoautotroph - ANSWERS- b7 b7


an organism that depends on inorganic chemicals for its energy and principally on
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carbon dioxide for its carbon
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Dichotomous Key - ANSWERS- b7 b7 b7


used to identify a plant or animal in which each stage presents descriptions of two
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