FYE Chapters 10–12 Exam Review Study Guide, Practice Questions and
Key Topics 2026
10. Daniel Kahneman describes
Fast thinking: - ✔✔Fast thinking is automatic, emotional, stereotyped, and subconscious.
It is useful to make quick and easy decisions
10. Daniel Kahneman describes
slow thinking: - ✔✔- logical, rational, deep
- takes more effort and careful attention
- Slowing thinking makes you a better learner and problem solver; slow thinkers examine
problems, ask questions, suggest new answers, discover new information, question authorities,
make independent judgments, and develop creative solutions.
10. The first step of thinking at a deeper level - ✔✔is to be curious. You must ask questions -
about everything.
Consider multiple points of view
- be fair and open-minded, and consider all ideas. The more ideas you consider, the better your
thinking will become.
Draw conclusions
- examine the outcomes of your inquires in a more demanding, critical way
10. Developing strong thinking skills: Arguments - ✔✔Arguments: refers to a calm, reasoned
effort to persuade someone of the value of an idea.
, Effective arguments make a general claim, provide reasons to support it, and back those reasons
up with evidence.
Challenge assumptions and beliefs:
- listen to both sides before making a judgment.
Examine the evidence:
- check for quality
- if you are uncertain of a piece of evidence, find another one - drawing on questionable
evidence has a tendency to backfire.
10. Recognize and Avoid Faulty Reasoning: - ✔✔Some common logical fallacies include:
-Attacking the person. Arguing against other people's positions or arguments is perfectly
acceptable Going after their personalities, however, is not.
-Begging. Begging doesn't offer evidence, appeal to facts, or reason. It is based purely on
emotional appeals.
-Appealing to false authority. Citing experts and authorities can be valuable support for an
argument. However, claims based on the authority of someone with questionable expertise
don't use real evidence.
-Jumping on a bandwagon. Sometimes we are more likely to believe something many others
also believe. That doesn't make it true, however.
-Assuming something is true because it hasn't been proven false. It is hard to prove complete
negation, but evidence can be discredited.
-Falling victim to false cause. Frequently, we make the assumption that just because one event
followed another, the first event must have caused the second.
-Making hasty generalizations. Sometimes it is tempting to draw conclusions based on limited
evidence.
-Slippery slope. Don't allow arguments to escalate beyond what is logical.
Key Topics 2026
10. Daniel Kahneman describes
Fast thinking: - ✔✔Fast thinking is automatic, emotional, stereotyped, and subconscious.
It is useful to make quick and easy decisions
10. Daniel Kahneman describes
slow thinking: - ✔✔- logical, rational, deep
- takes more effort and careful attention
- Slowing thinking makes you a better learner and problem solver; slow thinkers examine
problems, ask questions, suggest new answers, discover new information, question authorities,
make independent judgments, and develop creative solutions.
10. The first step of thinking at a deeper level - ✔✔is to be curious. You must ask questions -
about everything.
Consider multiple points of view
- be fair and open-minded, and consider all ideas. The more ideas you consider, the better your
thinking will become.
Draw conclusions
- examine the outcomes of your inquires in a more demanding, critical way
10. Developing strong thinking skills: Arguments - ✔✔Arguments: refers to a calm, reasoned
effort to persuade someone of the value of an idea.
, Effective arguments make a general claim, provide reasons to support it, and back those reasons
up with evidence.
Challenge assumptions and beliefs:
- listen to both sides before making a judgment.
Examine the evidence:
- check for quality
- if you are uncertain of a piece of evidence, find another one - drawing on questionable
evidence has a tendency to backfire.
10. Recognize and Avoid Faulty Reasoning: - ✔✔Some common logical fallacies include:
-Attacking the person. Arguing against other people's positions or arguments is perfectly
acceptable Going after their personalities, however, is not.
-Begging. Begging doesn't offer evidence, appeal to facts, or reason. It is based purely on
emotional appeals.
-Appealing to false authority. Citing experts and authorities can be valuable support for an
argument. However, claims based on the authority of someone with questionable expertise
don't use real evidence.
-Jumping on a bandwagon. Sometimes we are more likely to believe something many others
also believe. That doesn't make it true, however.
-Assuming something is true because it hasn't been proven false. It is hard to prove complete
negation, but evidence can be discredited.
-Falling victim to false cause. Frequently, we make the assumption that just because one event
followed another, the first event must have caused the second.
-Making hasty generalizations. Sometimes it is tempting to draw conclusions based on limited
evidence.
-Slippery slope. Don't allow arguments to escalate beyond what is logical.
