CMI 351: ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND EXAM 2 REVIEW
What are the 4 criteria for a simple cyst? - Answers - - anechoic
- smooth thin walls
- posterior wall enhancement
- distal acoustic sounds
What is chronic Glomerulonephritis as well as the size, creatinine level and echogenicity
- Answers - - condition in which the glomeruli suffer gradual, progressive, destructive
changes, with resulting loss of kidney function; also called chronic nephritis
- size: small kidney
- creatine level: increased
- echogencity: echogenic
- Blood or protein in the urine
What is pyelonephriti and what is the size, creatinine level, echogenicity - Answers - -
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney due to a bacterial infection by up flow of
bacteria from urethra
- size: enlarged kidneys
- creatine level: increased
- echogencity: No differentiation between cortex and medullary area
What is acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and what is the size, creatinine level,
echogenicity? - Answers - Damage to the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in the
urine or to ischemia. Results in oliguria
size: (acute)- large // (chronic)- small
creatine level: increased
echogenicity: Hyperechoic
what is renal artery occlusion? - Answers - - a complete blockage of blood flow through
one or both of the main renal arteries or its branches
- kidney appears normal but there is no blood flow
- can result in kidney failure
- size: normal
- creatine level: increased
- echogencity: Hypoechoic
You're doing an examination you measure the kidney being 5cm, what does that
indicate?
, a. chronic Glomerulonephritis
b. renal artery occlusion
c. What is acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
d. pyelonephritis - Answers - a. chronic Glomerulonephritis
- small kidneys (normal size is 9-12cm)
What is a renal hematoma and what does it look like on ultrasound? - Answers - a
collection of blood on or around the kidney typically associated with some form of
trauma
ultrasound:
Hyperechoic, round or oval solid structure seen in cortex and may contain some
hemorrhage
What does hydronephrosis look like in a kidney? - Answers - - Urinary problems such as
pain with urination or feeling an urgent or frequent need to urinate.
- Swollen kidneys.
What causes hydronephrosis? - Answers - When urine can't drain from a kidney and
builds up in the kidney as a result
- This can occur from a blockage in the tubes that drain urine from the kidneys (ureters).
- Blockage at the ureteropelvic junction or ureterovesical junction.
- Vesicoureteral reflux (when urine flows backwards).
- Less common is kidney stones, tumor
Which lab values indicate kidney failure? - Answers - - elevated protein in urine
- elevated serum creatinine
- GFR below 15
- Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- elevated urine albumin
What is the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) - Answers - urine test that measures the
amount of albumin and creatinine present; an increased ratio indicates disease//
lab test done for kidneys
What is the glomerular filtration rate? - Answers - amount of plasma filtered through the
glomeruli per unit of time// 90-120 mL/min
Which value does not indicate renal failure? - Answers - - alkaline phosphatase
Know all parts of the kidney - Answers -
What are the 4 criteria for a simple cyst? - Answers - - anechoic
- smooth thin walls
- posterior wall enhancement
- distal acoustic sounds
What is chronic Glomerulonephritis as well as the size, creatinine level and echogenicity
- Answers - - condition in which the glomeruli suffer gradual, progressive, destructive
changes, with resulting loss of kidney function; also called chronic nephritis
- size: small kidney
- creatine level: increased
- echogencity: echogenic
- Blood or protein in the urine
What is pyelonephriti and what is the size, creatinine level, echogenicity - Answers - -
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney due to a bacterial infection by up flow of
bacteria from urethra
- size: enlarged kidneys
- creatine level: increased
- echogencity: No differentiation between cortex and medullary area
What is acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and what is the size, creatinine level,
echogenicity? - Answers - Damage to the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in the
urine or to ischemia. Results in oliguria
size: (acute)- large // (chronic)- small
creatine level: increased
echogenicity: Hyperechoic
what is renal artery occlusion? - Answers - - a complete blockage of blood flow through
one or both of the main renal arteries or its branches
- kidney appears normal but there is no blood flow
- can result in kidney failure
- size: normal
- creatine level: increased
- echogencity: Hypoechoic
You're doing an examination you measure the kidney being 5cm, what does that
indicate?
, a. chronic Glomerulonephritis
b. renal artery occlusion
c. What is acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
d. pyelonephritis - Answers - a. chronic Glomerulonephritis
- small kidneys (normal size is 9-12cm)
What is a renal hematoma and what does it look like on ultrasound? - Answers - a
collection of blood on or around the kidney typically associated with some form of
trauma
ultrasound:
Hyperechoic, round or oval solid structure seen in cortex and may contain some
hemorrhage
What does hydronephrosis look like in a kidney? - Answers - - Urinary problems such as
pain with urination or feeling an urgent or frequent need to urinate.
- Swollen kidneys.
What causes hydronephrosis? - Answers - When urine can't drain from a kidney and
builds up in the kidney as a result
- This can occur from a blockage in the tubes that drain urine from the kidneys (ureters).
- Blockage at the ureteropelvic junction or ureterovesical junction.
- Vesicoureteral reflux (when urine flows backwards).
- Less common is kidney stones, tumor
Which lab values indicate kidney failure? - Answers - - elevated protein in urine
- elevated serum creatinine
- GFR below 15
- Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- elevated urine albumin
What is the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) - Answers - urine test that measures the
amount of albumin and creatinine present; an increased ratio indicates disease//
lab test done for kidneys
What is the glomerular filtration rate? - Answers - amount of plasma filtered through the
glomeruli per unit of time// 90-120 mL/min
Which value does not indicate renal failure? - Answers - - alkaline phosphatase
Know all parts of the kidney - Answers -
