CMI 351 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What is adenomyomatosis? (4) - Answers - -a benign condition
-air in the wall
-thickening wall of GB with internal cystic spaces
-Echogenic Foci with comet-tail
What is the normal thickness of the Gallbladder wall? - Answers - less than 3mm thick
(0.3 cm)
what branch does the gastroduodenal artery come off from? - Answers - Common
Hepatic Artery of the celiac axis
what is the membrane that covers the liver called? - Answers - Glisson Capsule
what is Hartmann's Pouch? - Answers - -an excess of tissue in the region of the GB
neck
(gallstones can hide there)
What is a Phrygian cap? - Answers - GB folds unto itself
-body onto the neck
-the fundus on to the body
What are Valves of Heister? (3) - Answers - -within the cystic duct (sometimes the GB
neck)
-help to direct the flow of bile from the liver into the gallbladder and offer resistance to
the outflow of bile.
-small mucosal folds
What two lobes does the ligamentum venosum separate? - Answers - the caudate lobe
posteriorly and the left lobe anteriorly
What enzyme identifies a hepatoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)? - Answers -
Alpha-fetoprotein
What is the most common benign liver neoplasm? - Answers - cavernous hemangioma
Which membrane layer rips with a dissecting aneurysm? - Answers - intima (inner layer)
Reasons for a small GB? (8) - Answers - -Obliterated GB lumen
-Sludge obstruction
, -Physiological contraction (after eating)
-contraction from severe/acute hepatitis
-congenital absense
-unusual position
-chronic cholecystitis
-as you age
hepatic veins (4) - Answers - -take blood AWAY from liver
-100% drain into IVC
-NO reflection
-Hyperechoic only when the incident beam and vessel are perpendicular
portal veins - Answers - -take 80% of blood TO liver
-Reflection
-hyperechoic over a wide range of beam-vessel angles
what is hepatofugal blood flow? - Answers - abnormal BF
-flow thru portal veins away liver
what is hepatopetal blood flow? - Answers - normal blood flow
-flow thru portal veins towards the liver
Polyps (4) - Answers - -No Shadowing
-No Echo
-No Movement
-Blood Flow
Sludge Balls (Biliary Gravel) (4) - Answers - -No Shadowing
-Echo
-Slow movement
-No Blood Flow
Calculi (GB stones) (5) - Answers - -Wall
-Echo
-Shadowing
-Movement
-No Blood Flow
What is Budd-Chiari syndrome? (5) - Answers - -thrombosis of hepatic veins
-rare obstruction of the outflow tracts of the hepatic veins
-found mainly in India, S. Africa, US
-Resolved with TIPPS
-Ascites and Large liver seen
what separates the Left & Right lobe of the liver? - Answers - Falciform Ligament
(main lobar fissure)
ANSWERS
What is adenomyomatosis? (4) - Answers - -a benign condition
-air in the wall
-thickening wall of GB with internal cystic spaces
-Echogenic Foci with comet-tail
What is the normal thickness of the Gallbladder wall? - Answers - less than 3mm thick
(0.3 cm)
what branch does the gastroduodenal artery come off from? - Answers - Common
Hepatic Artery of the celiac axis
what is the membrane that covers the liver called? - Answers - Glisson Capsule
what is Hartmann's Pouch? - Answers - -an excess of tissue in the region of the GB
neck
(gallstones can hide there)
What is a Phrygian cap? - Answers - GB folds unto itself
-body onto the neck
-the fundus on to the body
What are Valves of Heister? (3) - Answers - -within the cystic duct (sometimes the GB
neck)
-help to direct the flow of bile from the liver into the gallbladder and offer resistance to
the outflow of bile.
-small mucosal folds
What two lobes does the ligamentum venosum separate? - Answers - the caudate lobe
posteriorly and the left lobe anteriorly
What enzyme identifies a hepatoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)? - Answers -
Alpha-fetoprotein
What is the most common benign liver neoplasm? - Answers - cavernous hemangioma
Which membrane layer rips with a dissecting aneurysm? - Answers - intima (inner layer)
Reasons for a small GB? (8) - Answers - -Obliterated GB lumen
-Sludge obstruction
, -Physiological contraction (after eating)
-contraction from severe/acute hepatitis
-congenital absense
-unusual position
-chronic cholecystitis
-as you age
hepatic veins (4) - Answers - -take blood AWAY from liver
-100% drain into IVC
-NO reflection
-Hyperechoic only when the incident beam and vessel are perpendicular
portal veins - Answers - -take 80% of blood TO liver
-Reflection
-hyperechoic over a wide range of beam-vessel angles
what is hepatofugal blood flow? - Answers - abnormal BF
-flow thru portal veins away liver
what is hepatopetal blood flow? - Answers - normal blood flow
-flow thru portal veins towards the liver
Polyps (4) - Answers - -No Shadowing
-No Echo
-No Movement
-Blood Flow
Sludge Balls (Biliary Gravel) (4) - Answers - -No Shadowing
-Echo
-Slow movement
-No Blood Flow
Calculi (GB stones) (5) - Answers - -Wall
-Echo
-Shadowing
-Movement
-No Blood Flow
What is Budd-Chiari syndrome? (5) - Answers - -thrombosis of hepatic veins
-rare obstruction of the outflow tracts of the hepatic veins
-found mainly in India, S. Africa, US
-Resolved with TIPPS
-Ascites and Large liver seen
what separates the Left & Right lobe of the liver? - Answers - Falciform Ligament
(main lobar fissure)
