Exam 1 Review Advanced Assessment
& Diagnostic Reasoning VERIFIED
{2026-2027} VERSION With
Comprehensive Questions and Well
Elaborated Correct Answers GRADED
A+
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,Components of History
Table 1.1 - correct ans:- Chief complaint
- History of present illness: PQRST
- Past medical history
- Habits
- Sociocultural
- Family history
- Review of systems
PQRST: P - correct ans:Precipitating and palliative factors
- to identify factors that make symptom worse and or better; any previous self treatment or prescribed
treatment and response
PQRST: Q - correct ans:Quality and quantity descriptors
- to identify patient's rating of symptom (pain 1-10) and descriptors (numbness, tingling, stabbing)
PQRST: R - correct ans:Region & radiation
- to identify the exact location of the symptom and any area of radiation
PQRST: S - correct ans:Severity & associated symptoms
- to identify symptom's severity (how bad at its worst) and any associated symptoms (presence of n/v
associated with chest pain)
PQRST: T - correct ans:Timing & temporal descriptions
, - to identify when complaint was first noticed; how it has changed/progressed (remained the same or
worsened/improved); whether onset was acute or chronic; whether it has been constant, intermittent,
or recurrent
Sensitivity - correct ans:- the % of individuals with the target condition who would have an abnormal, or
positive result
- high sensitivity indicates that a greater % of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal
result
- can be used to rule out the condition for those who do not have an abnormal result
Ex: If redness of conjunctiva is 100% sensitive for bacterial conjunctivitis, then it can be ruled out in a
patient without redness on examination
- however, redness could indicate several conditions (not just bacterial conjunctivitis)
Specificity - correct ans:- the % of healthy individuals who would have a normal result
- the greater it is, the greater the % of individuals who will have negative, or normal results if they do not
have the target condition
- if a test has a high level of specificity so that a significant % of healthy individuals are expected to have
a negative result, then a positive result would would be used to rule in the condition
Ex: a rapid strep screen is 98% specific for streptococcal pharyngitis and the person has a positive result,
then they have step throat
- however, if a negative result, there is a 2% chance that the result is falsely negative, so the condition
cannot be ruled out
Autosomal Dominant (AD) - correct ans:- a gene on on e of the autosomes that may be expressed even if
only one copy is present
- 50% chance of parental transmission
- males & females affected
- phenotype is observed in multiple or every generation with each affected person having an affected
parent
- vertical transmission
& Diagnostic Reasoning VERIFIED
{2026-2027} VERSION With
Comprehensive Questions and Well
Elaborated Correct Answers GRADED
A+
Professional Academic Assistance Services
Services Offered
Proctored Exam Assistance
Online Class Management (Full Course Support)
Exam Preparation & Study Materials
Assignments and Coursework Support
Essays and Research Papers
Discussion Posts and Replies
,Components of History
Table 1.1 - correct ans:- Chief complaint
- History of present illness: PQRST
- Past medical history
- Habits
- Sociocultural
- Family history
- Review of systems
PQRST: P - correct ans:Precipitating and palliative factors
- to identify factors that make symptom worse and or better; any previous self treatment or prescribed
treatment and response
PQRST: Q - correct ans:Quality and quantity descriptors
- to identify patient's rating of symptom (pain 1-10) and descriptors (numbness, tingling, stabbing)
PQRST: R - correct ans:Region & radiation
- to identify the exact location of the symptom and any area of radiation
PQRST: S - correct ans:Severity & associated symptoms
- to identify symptom's severity (how bad at its worst) and any associated symptoms (presence of n/v
associated with chest pain)
PQRST: T - correct ans:Timing & temporal descriptions
, - to identify when complaint was first noticed; how it has changed/progressed (remained the same or
worsened/improved); whether onset was acute or chronic; whether it has been constant, intermittent,
or recurrent
Sensitivity - correct ans:- the % of individuals with the target condition who would have an abnormal, or
positive result
- high sensitivity indicates that a greater % of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal
result
- can be used to rule out the condition for those who do not have an abnormal result
Ex: If redness of conjunctiva is 100% sensitive for bacterial conjunctivitis, then it can be ruled out in a
patient without redness on examination
- however, redness could indicate several conditions (not just bacterial conjunctivitis)
Specificity - correct ans:- the % of healthy individuals who would have a normal result
- the greater it is, the greater the % of individuals who will have negative, or normal results if they do not
have the target condition
- if a test has a high level of specificity so that a significant % of healthy individuals are expected to have
a negative result, then a positive result would would be used to rule in the condition
Ex: a rapid strep screen is 98% specific for streptococcal pharyngitis and the person has a positive result,
then they have step throat
- however, if a negative result, there is a 2% chance that the result is falsely negative, so the condition
cannot be ruled out
Autosomal Dominant (AD) - correct ans:- a gene on on e of the autosomes that may be expressed even if
only one copy is present
- 50% chance of parental transmission
- males & females affected
- phenotype is observed in multiple or every generation with each affected person having an affected
parent
- vertical transmission
