GEORGIA BIOLOGY EOC PRACTICE STUDY GUIDE

GEORGIA BIOLOGY EOC PRACTICE
STUDY GUIDE
Existing cells - ANAWhere do all cells come from?
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Carrying Capacity - 2z 2z


ANAThe maximum population of a particular organism that a given environment c
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an support without detrimental effects
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Gamete - 2z


ANAa mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another
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cell to form a new organism.
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Zygote - 2z


ANAthe cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage.
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Embryo - 2z


ANAthe young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early stages
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of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
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Punnett Square - 2z 2z


ANAa type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible off
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spring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
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Phenotype - 2z


ANAThe expression of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental influen
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ces.

Genotype - 2z


ANAthe genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a
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single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
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Allele - 2z


ANAany of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are res
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ponsible for hereditary variation.
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Homozygous - 2z


ANAhaving identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics
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Heterozygous - 2z


ANAhaving dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic
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Dominant Trait - 2z 2z


ANAa trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it
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Recessive Trait - 2z 2z


ANAa trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offs
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pring

, Nondisjunction - 2z


ANAthe failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at
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division

Mutation - 2z


ANAa sudden change different than the parent type in one or more heritable char
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acteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z




Genetic Engineering - 2z 2z


ANAthe development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and techn
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ologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the here
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ditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z




Recombinant DNA - 2z 2z


ANADNA in which one or more segments or genes have been inserted, either nat
2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z


urally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from another part
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of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z




Transcription - 2z


ANAThe process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template resulting in
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the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
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Replication - 2z


ANAthe process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such as DNA mole
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cules, that occurs during growth of living organisms
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Traslation - 2z


ANAThe process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the production of a
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protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being controlled by
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the base sequences of the mRNA
2z 2z 2z 2z 2z




Ecosystem - 2z


ANAthe interaction of a community of organisms with their environment
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Producer - 2z


ANAAn autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for other organisms i
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n a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food through photo
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synthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances
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into food through chemosynthesis
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Anterior - ANAThe front surface of the body
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Posterior - ANANear the tail end of the body
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Chemoautotroph - 2z


ANAan organism that depends on inorganic chemicals for its energy and principall
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y on carbon dioxide for its carbon
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