Pathophysiology: Chapter 5 -
Inflammation and Healing Test
Questions All Answered Correctly.
What is Phagocytosis? - Answer The process by which neutrophils (a leukocyte) and
macrophages randomly engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris, or foreign matter.
What are Interferons? - Answer Nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against
viruses.
What is the first line defense used by the body to protect itself from any injurious agent? -
Answer Skin or mucous membrane with blocks entry of bacteria or harmful substances into
the tissues. (Mechanical barrier)
Out of the three lines of body defense which are nonspecific and which are specific? - Answer
First and second: Non- specific
Third: specific
What is the Second line of defense? - Answer Non-specific process of phagocytosis and
inflammation
Interferons occur in what line of defense? - Answer Second line of defense
What is the Third line of defense? - Answer Specific defense which provides protection by
stimulating the production of unique antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes following exposure
to specific substances.
What is Inflammation? - Answer Normal defense mechanism in the body that is intended to
localize and remove an injurious agent. (Non specific response to tissue injury)
What are the five signs of inflammation? - Answer Redness
Swelling
Warmth
Pain
Loss of function
What are the causes of inflammation? - Answer Direct physical damage (cut or sprain)
, Caustic chemicals
Ischemia or infarction
Allergic reactions
Extremes of heat or cold
Foreign bodies
Infection
What are the seven steps of inflammation? - Answer 1. Bradykinin is released from insured
cells
2. Bradykinin activates pain receptors
3. Sensation of pain stimulates mast cells and basophils to release histamine
4. Bradykinin and histamine cause capillary dilation (increased blood flow and increased
capillary permeability)
5. Break in the skin allows bacteria to enter the tissue (results in the migration of neutrophils
and monocytes to the site of injury)
6. Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria
7. Macrophages leave the blood stream and phagocytose microbes
What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation? - Answer Acute: May
develop immediately and last a short period of time; may have delayed onset
Chronic: Delayed or prolonged over a significant period of time (follows acute episode of
inflammtion)
Which cells are involved with acute inflammtion - Answer Neutrophils
Macrophages
Lymphocytes (if immune system involved)
Which cells are involved with chronic inflammation? - Answer Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Fibroblasts
Which chemical mediators do mast cells and platelets release during acute inflammation? -
Answer Histamine
Serotonin
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Inflammation and Healing Test
Questions All Answered Correctly.
What is Phagocytosis? - Answer The process by which neutrophils (a leukocyte) and
macrophages randomly engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris, or foreign matter.
What are Interferons? - Answer Nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against
viruses.
What is the first line defense used by the body to protect itself from any injurious agent? -
Answer Skin or mucous membrane with blocks entry of bacteria or harmful substances into
the tissues. (Mechanical barrier)
Out of the three lines of body defense which are nonspecific and which are specific? - Answer
First and second: Non- specific
Third: specific
What is the Second line of defense? - Answer Non-specific process of phagocytosis and
inflammation
Interferons occur in what line of defense? - Answer Second line of defense
What is the Third line of defense? - Answer Specific defense which provides protection by
stimulating the production of unique antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes following exposure
to specific substances.
What is Inflammation? - Answer Normal defense mechanism in the body that is intended to
localize and remove an injurious agent. (Non specific response to tissue injury)
What are the five signs of inflammation? - Answer Redness
Swelling
Warmth
Pain
Loss of function
What are the causes of inflammation? - Answer Direct physical damage (cut or sprain)
, Caustic chemicals
Ischemia or infarction
Allergic reactions
Extremes of heat or cold
Foreign bodies
Infection
What are the seven steps of inflammation? - Answer 1. Bradykinin is released from insured
cells
2. Bradykinin activates pain receptors
3. Sensation of pain stimulates mast cells and basophils to release histamine
4. Bradykinin and histamine cause capillary dilation (increased blood flow and increased
capillary permeability)
5. Break in the skin allows bacteria to enter the tissue (results in the migration of neutrophils
and monocytes to the site of injury)
6. Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria
7. Macrophages leave the blood stream and phagocytose microbes
What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation? - Answer Acute: May
develop immediately and last a short period of time; may have delayed onset
Chronic: Delayed or prolonged over a significant period of time (follows acute episode of
inflammtion)
Which cells are involved with acute inflammtion - Answer Neutrophils
Macrophages
Lymphocytes (if immune system involved)
Which cells are involved with chronic inflammation? - Answer Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Fibroblasts
Which chemical mediators do mast cells and platelets release during acute inflammation? -
Answer Histamine
Serotonin
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
