HPEX 353 Exam 2 ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Carcinomas Solid tumors originating from epithelial tissue; most common type of cancer.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Develops in the basal cell layer of the skin; grows slowly and rarely metastasizes.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Develops from flat squamous cells; also slow-growing.
, Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Most common kidney cancer, developing in the lining of kidney tubules; can
cause obstructions.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Most common breast cancer, developing within milk duct linings.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Growth starts in the duct lining but invades local breast tissue and may
metastasize.
Sarcomas Cancers arising from supportive and connective tissue such as bone, fat, muscle,
and cartilage.
Osteosarcoma Very rare bone cancer often found around the knee or shoulder; primarily affects
children/young adults.
Ewing's Sarcoma Very rare cancer of the bone or surrounding soft tissues, mostly seen in children
and young adults.
Chondrosarcoma Cancer of the cartilage found in the pelvis, hip, or skull base.
Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) Includes GI stromal tumors, Leiomyosarcoma, and Liposarcoma; account for 7%
of all childhood cancers.
Leukemias Cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow and the
lymphatic system.
Acute Leukemia Characterized by abnormal, immature blood cells that multiply rapidly; requires
aggressive treatment.
Chronic Leukemia Involves more mature cells that replicate slowly; some forms can go unnoticed for
long periods.
Lymphomas Cancer affecting the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, spleen, thymus,
and bone marrow.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Most common in those aged 15-30 or over 55; associated with Epstein-Barr virus
infection.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma More common type, arising from B or T cells; associated with HIV and exposure to
insecticides.
Common Risk Factors for All Cancers Age, genetics, obesity, poor diet, tobacco smoke, and viruses such as HPV and
Hepatitis B/C.
Standard Diagnostic Framework for Cancers Staging, grading, imaging, lab tests for tumor markers, and biopsy.
Distinct Symptoms of Cancer Unexplained weight loss of 10+ lbs, thickening or lump in the breast or body,
changes in a wart or mole.
Treatments for Cancers Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and stem cell/bone marrow
transplantation.
Carcinomas Solid tumors originating from epithelial tissue; most common type of cancer.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Develops in the basal cell layer of the skin; grows slowly and rarely metastasizes.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Develops from flat squamous cells; also slow-growing.
, Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Most common kidney cancer, developing in the lining of kidney tubules; can
cause obstructions.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Most common breast cancer, developing within milk duct linings.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Growth starts in the duct lining but invades local breast tissue and may
metastasize.
Sarcomas Cancers arising from supportive and connective tissue such as bone, fat, muscle,
and cartilage.
Osteosarcoma Very rare bone cancer often found around the knee or shoulder; primarily affects
children/young adults.
Ewing's Sarcoma Very rare cancer of the bone or surrounding soft tissues, mostly seen in children
and young adults.
Chondrosarcoma Cancer of the cartilage found in the pelvis, hip, or skull base.
Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) Includes GI stromal tumors, Leiomyosarcoma, and Liposarcoma; account for 7%
of all childhood cancers.
Leukemias Cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow and the
lymphatic system.
Acute Leukemia Characterized by abnormal, immature blood cells that multiply rapidly; requires
aggressive treatment.
Chronic Leukemia Involves more mature cells that replicate slowly; some forms can go unnoticed for
long periods.
Lymphomas Cancer affecting the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, spleen, thymus,
and bone marrow.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Most common in those aged 15-30 or over 55; associated with Epstein-Barr virus
infection.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma More common type, arising from B or T cells; associated with HIV and exposure to
insecticides.
Common Risk Factors for All Cancers Age, genetics, obesity, poor diet, tobacco smoke, and viruses such as HPV and
Hepatitis B/C.
Standard Diagnostic Framework for Cancers Staging, grading, imaging, lab tests for tumor markers, and biopsy.
Distinct Symptoms of Cancer Unexplained weight loss of 10+ lbs, thickening or lump in the breast or body,
changes in a wart or mole.
Treatments for Cancers Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and stem cell/bone marrow
transplantation.
