BI 122 Exam 4 - GRCC Forbes Questions
With Correct Answers
Components of the Urinary System - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Kidneys
| | | | | | | |
2. Ureters
|
3. Urinary Bladder
| |
4. Urethra
|
Functions of the Urinary System - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Remove
| | | | | | | | |
substances from blood, e.g., Nitrogen & Sulfur products
| | | | | | |
2. Regulate various metabolic processes, e.g., blood formation
| | | | | | |
3. Form urine
| |
4. Regulate blood pressure
| | |
5. Maintain blood pH
| | |
Function of the Kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Regulate:
| | | | | |
1. volume, composition, and pH of body fluids (via urine formation)
| | | | | | | | | |
2. RBC formation (via erythropoietin)
| | | |
3. Blood pressure
| |
4. Absorption of Ca by activating vitamin D
| | | | | | |
,5. Elimination of Nitrogen & Sulfur compounds, e.g., urea, uric acid
| | | | | | | | | |
6. Formation and concentration of urine
| | | | |
Nephron - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Functional unit of the kidney.
| | | | | | |
What are the components of a nephron? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1.
| | | | | | | | | |
Renal Corpuscle
|
2. Renal Tubules
| |
Renal Corpuscle - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Made up of:
| | | | | |
1. Glomerulus
|
2. Glomerular Capsule
| |
Glomerulus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Tangle of blood arterioles
| | | | | |
Glomerular Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Goes around the
| | | | | | |
glomerulus
PATHOLOGY NOTE: |
Glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Glomerulonephritis is an
| | | | | |
inflammation of the glomerulus resulting from infection, malaria,
| | | | | | | |
diabetes, toxins, etc.
| |
,Glomeruli become plugged with antigen/anti-body complexes followed
| | | | | | |
by WBC accumulation resulting in renal failure.
| | | | | |
Renal Tube Flow - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Glomerular capsule →
| | | | | | | |
proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop → distal convoluted tubule
| | | | | | | | |
→ collecting duct
| | |
Steps of Urine Formation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. (Glomerular)
| | | | | | | |
Filtration
2. (Tubular) Reabsorption
| |
2. (Tubular) Secretion
| |
Step 1: (Glomerular) Filtration - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Movement of
| | | | | | | |
substances from glomerulus into the glomerular capsule via pressure
| | | | | | | | |
(filtration) and concentration gradient (diffusion).
| | | |
Proteins and other large molecules do not pass, resulting in an
| | | | | | | | | | |
increased colloid osmotic pressure pulling fluid back into glomerulus.
| | | | | | | |
Diameter of afferent arterioles > efferent, resulting in an increased
| | | | | | | | | |
pressure in afferent forces filtrate through glomerulus.
| | | | | |
PATHOLOGY NOTE: |
What can lead to acute renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-If blood
| | | | | | | | | | |
pressure drops, e.g., shock, afferent arteriole pressure decreases, which
| | | | | | | | |
, results in the filtration rate decreasing, which leads to acute renal
| | | | | | | | | | |
failure.
Step 2: (Tubular) Reabsorption - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Movement of
| | | | | | | |
substances from the tubular filtrate →interstitial fluid → peritubular
| | | | | | | | |
capillary via passive or active transport.
| | | | |
PATHOLOGY NOTE: |
What is Glucosuria and how does it occur? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Glucose requires actie transport. If glucose molecules excess capacity of
| | | | | | | | | |
active transport, glucose appears in urine, resulting in glucosuria or
| | | | | | | | | |
otherwise known as diabetes mellitus. | | | |
PATHOLOGY NOTE: |
What causes osmotic diuresis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Glucosuria
| | | | | | |
causes water to be drawn into the renal tubules, increasing urine
| | | | | | | | | | |
volume, which is osmotic diuresis.
| | | |
PATHOLOGY NOTE: |
Nephrotic Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Nephrotic syndrom
| | | | | |
occurs when disease increases glomerular membranes permeability and
| | | | | | |
|allows proteins to pass into tubules, causing urine (proteinuria). Results
| | | | | | | | | |
in systemic edema.
| |
With Correct Answers
Components of the Urinary System - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Kidneys
| | | | | | | |
2. Ureters
|
3. Urinary Bladder
| |
4. Urethra
|
Functions of the Urinary System - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Remove
| | | | | | | | |
substances from blood, e.g., Nitrogen & Sulfur products
| | | | | | |
2. Regulate various metabolic processes, e.g., blood formation
| | | | | | |
3. Form urine
| |
4. Regulate blood pressure
| | |
5. Maintain blood pH
| | |
Function of the Kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Regulate:
| | | | | |
1. volume, composition, and pH of body fluids (via urine formation)
| | | | | | | | | |
2. RBC formation (via erythropoietin)
| | | |
3. Blood pressure
| |
4. Absorption of Ca by activating vitamin D
| | | | | | |
,5. Elimination of Nitrogen & Sulfur compounds, e.g., urea, uric acid
| | | | | | | | | |
6. Formation and concentration of urine
| | | | |
Nephron - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Functional unit of the kidney.
| | | | | | |
What are the components of a nephron? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1.
| | | | | | | | | |
Renal Corpuscle
|
2. Renal Tubules
| |
Renal Corpuscle - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Made up of:
| | | | | |
1. Glomerulus
|
2. Glomerular Capsule
| |
Glomerulus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Tangle of blood arterioles
| | | | | |
Glomerular Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Goes around the
| | | | | | |
glomerulus
PATHOLOGY NOTE: |
Glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Glomerulonephritis is an
| | | | | |
inflammation of the glomerulus resulting from infection, malaria,
| | | | | | | |
diabetes, toxins, etc.
| |
,Glomeruli become plugged with antigen/anti-body complexes followed
| | | | | | |
by WBC accumulation resulting in renal failure.
| | | | | |
Renal Tube Flow - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Glomerular capsule →
| | | | | | | |
proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop → distal convoluted tubule
| | | | | | | | |
→ collecting duct
| | |
Steps of Urine Formation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. (Glomerular)
| | | | | | | |
Filtration
2. (Tubular) Reabsorption
| |
2. (Tubular) Secretion
| |
Step 1: (Glomerular) Filtration - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Movement of
| | | | | | | |
substances from glomerulus into the glomerular capsule via pressure
| | | | | | | | |
(filtration) and concentration gradient (diffusion).
| | | |
Proteins and other large molecules do not pass, resulting in an
| | | | | | | | | | |
increased colloid osmotic pressure pulling fluid back into glomerulus.
| | | | | | | |
Diameter of afferent arterioles > efferent, resulting in an increased
| | | | | | | | | |
pressure in afferent forces filtrate through glomerulus.
| | | | | |
PATHOLOGY NOTE: |
What can lead to acute renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-If blood
| | | | | | | | | | |
pressure drops, e.g., shock, afferent arteriole pressure decreases, which
| | | | | | | | |
, results in the filtration rate decreasing, which leads to acute renal
| | | | | | | | | | |
failure.
Step 2: (Tubular) Reabsorption - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Movement of
| | | | | | | |
substances from the tubular filtrate →interstitial fluid → peritubular
| | | | | | | | |
capillary via passive or active transport.
| | | | |
PATHOLOGY NOTE: |
What is Glucosuria and how does it occur? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Glucose requires actie transport. If glucose molecules excess capacity of
| | | | | | | | | |
active transport, glucose appears in urine, resulting in glucosuria or
| | | | | | | | | |
otherwise known as diabetes mellitus. | | | |
PATHOLOGY NOTE: |
What causes osmotic diuresis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Glucosuria
| | | | | | |
causes water to be drawn into the renal tubules, increasing urine
| | | | | | | | | | |
volume, which is osmotic diuresis.
| | | |
PATHOLOGY NOTE: |
Nephrotic Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Nephrotic syndrom
| | | | | |
occurs when disease increases glomerular membranes permeability and
| | | | | | |
|allows proteins to pass into tubules, causing urine (proteinuria). Results
| | | | | | | | | |
in systemic edema.
| |
