MSN Final Scholarly Presentation: EBP and Leadership Integration
2026 |Galen
1. Which component of the PICOT question format represents the ‘I’?
A. Intervention
B. Implementation
C. Inquiry
D. Information
Answer: A
Rationale: In the PICOT framework, ‘I’ stands for Intervention or Interest, which is the
specific treatment or action being studied.
2. In Evidence-Based Practice (EBP), what is considered the ‘gold standard’ for
clinical evidence?
A. Case Studies
B. Expert Opinion
C. Qualitative Phenomenology
D. Systematic Reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
Answer: D
Rationale: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs are at the top of the evidence
hierarchy for clinical questions.
,3. Which leadership style is most associated with long-term organizational
change and inspiring staff through a shared vision?
A. Autocratic Leadership
B. Transactional Leadership
C. Transformational Leadership
D. Laissez-faire Leadership
Answer: C
Rationale: Transformational leaders focus on vision, inspiration, and empowering
followers to exceed expectations for the benefit of the organization.
4. When synthesizing evidence for a scholarly presentation, what is the primary
purpose of a Literature Synthesis Table?
A. To compare and contrast themes and findings across multiple studies
B. To list every article found during the search
C. To provide a bibliography in APA format
D. To summarize the author’s personal opinion on the topic
Answer: A
Rationale: Synthesis tables allow researchers to identify patterns, gaps, and contradictions
across various pieces of evidence.
5. In Lewin’s Change Theory, the stage where the new behavior is integrated
into the organizational culture is called:
A. Refreezing
B. Moving
C. Unfreezing
D. Standardizing
Answer: A
Rationale: Refreezing is the final stage where the new change becomes the norm and is
sustained.
, 6. What does a ‘p-value’ of less than 0.05 typically indicate in a quantitative
study?
A. The results are statistically significant, meaning the effect is unlikely due to chance
B. There is a 5% chance the null hypothesis is true
C. The results are clinically significant but not statistically significant
D. The study should be discarded due to high bias
Answer: A
Rationale: A p-value < 0.05 is the standard threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis and
concluding statistical significance.
7. Which ethical principle involves the duty to ‘do no harm’ in a clinical project?
A. Justice
B. Non-maleficence
C. Beneficence
D. Autonomy
Answer: B
Rationale: Non-maleficence is the ethical obligation to protect patients from harm.
8. In a scholarly presentation, what is the ‘Sustainability Plan’?
A. The budget for the initial implementation
B. The description of the pilot group
C. The list of references used in the slides
D. The strategy to maintain the project’s benefits over time
Answer: D
Rationale: Sustainability plans address how the intervention will continue after the initial
MSN project period ends.
2026 |Galen
1. Which component of the PICOT question format represents the ‘I’?
A. Intervention
B. Implementation
C. Inquiry
D. Information
Answer: A
Rationale: In the PICOT framework, ‘I’ stands for Intervention or Interest, which is the
specific treatment or action being studied.
2. In Evidence-Based Practice (EBP), what is considered the ‘gold standard’ for
clinical evidence?
A. Case Studies
B. Expert Opinion
C. Qualitative Phenomenology
D. Systematic Reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
Answer: D
Rationale: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs are at the top of the evidence
hierarchy for clinical questions.
,3. Which leadership style is most associated with long-term organizational
change and inspiring staff through a shared vision?
A. Autocratic Leadership
B. Transactional Leadership
C. Transformational Leadership
D. Laissez-faire Leadership
Answer: C
Rationale: Transformational leaders focus on vision, inspiration, and empowering
followers to exceed expectations for the benefit of the organization.
4. When synthesizing evidence for a scholarly presentation, what is the primary
purpose of a Literature Synthesis Table?
A. To compare and contrast themes and findings across multiple studies
B. To list every article found during the search
C. To provide a bibliography in APA format
D. To summarize the author’s personal opinion on the topic
Answer: A
Rationale: Synthesis tables allow researchers to identify patterns, gaps, and contradictions
across various pieces of evidence.
5. In Lewin’s Change Theory, the stage where the new behavior is integrated
into the organizational culture is called:
A. Refreezing
B. Moving
C. Unfreezing
D. Standardizing
Answer: A
Rationale: Refreezing is the final stage where the new change becomes the norm and is
sustained.
, 6. What does a ‘p-value’ of less than 0.05 typically indicate in a quantitative
study?
A. The results are statistically significant, meaning the effect is unlikely due to chance
B. There is a 5% chance the null hypothesis is true
C. The results are clinically significant but not statistically significant
D. The study should be discarded due to high bias
Answer: A
Rationale: A p-value < 0.05 is the standard threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis and
concluding statistical significance.
7. Which ethical principle involves the duty to ‘do no harm’ in a clinical project?
A. Justice
B. Non-maleficence
C. Beneficence
D. Autonomy
Answer: B
Rationale: Non-maleficence is the ethical obligation to protect patients from harm.
8. In a scholarly presentation, what is the ‘Sustainability Plan’?
A. The budget for the initial implementation
B. The description of the pilot group
C. The list of references used in the slides
D. The strategy to maintain the project’s benefits over time
Answer: D
Rationale: Sustainability plans address how the intervention will continue after the initial
MSN project period ends.
