ENSF 461 MIDTERM UPDATED FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ENSF 461 MIDTERM UPDATED FINAL PAPER
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

◉ ls -1. Answer: displays the output in a single column


◉ grep. Answer: searches for lines containing whatever input you
give it in the specified file


◉ wc -l. Answer: counts the number of lines in the output or file


◉ wc. Answer: returns the number of lines, words and bytes in the
file


◉ standard output. Answer: output stream printed on the terminal


◉ standard error. Answer: basically standard output, just used for
error messages


◉ standard input. Answer: input stream, receiving input from
terminal

, ◉ write(int fd, const char* buf, size_t count). Answer: writes data to
a file


parameters: (int fd: 1 for standard output, 2 for standard error,
const char* buf: a pointer to the data you want to write,
size_t count: the number of bytes you want to write from the 'buf' to
the file)


◉ read(int fd, const char* buf, size_t count). Answer: reads data from
a file


parameters: (int fd: 0 for standard input, const char* buf: the pointer
to the buffer that the data you read will be stored, size_t count: the
maximum you can read into buf)


◉ command > filename. Answer: save standard output to a new file
"filename"


Use >> for append to avoid deleting content


example ls > listOfFiles.txt


◉ command 2> filename. Answer: save standard error to a new file
"filename"