CRAT UPDATED STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Chordae Tendinae - ✔✔are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to
the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.
✔✔Septum - ✔✔Muscular wall that divides right and left side of heart
✔✔Heart valves - ✔✔Function as the heart muscle contracts and relaxes, opening and
shutting valves at alternate times passing blood on a one way trip. Each valve is 3 flaps
except mitral valve which is two
✔✔Automaticity - ✔✔Ability of heart to initiate an electrical pulse w/o being stimulated
by an outside source. Heart tissue has its own innate ability to initiate an electrical
impulse
✔✔3 places you have automaticity - ✔✔SA node, Junctional Tissue, ventricular
✔✔Myocardial - ✔✔Heart muscle Myo=muscle cardi=heart
✔✔Conductivity - ✔✔ability of heart muscle cells to receive and transmit electrical
impulses
, ✔✔Contractility - ✔✔ability of heart muscles to shorten or contract, the contraction
produces the heartbeat or pumping of heart
✔✔Excitability - ✔✔Ability to respond to impulses, w/o which the heart could not react to
the electrical impulses
✔✔Polarization - ✔✔heart cells are at their peak resting energy. The inside of the cell is
negatively charged and the outside is positively charged. the "ready rest stage of the
heart".
✔✔Depolarization - ✔✔the state of cellular stimulation that proceeds contraction, the
electrical charge is reversed and the inside becomes positive. most important electrical
event in the heart as it cause the heart to contract and pump the blood. REMEMBER D.
DEPOLARIZATION=ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE
✔✔Repolarization - ✔✔follows contraction when the heart returns to neutral and the
heart relaxes allow the chambers to refill REMEMBER R. REPOLARIZATION=REST &
RECOVERY
✔✔The EGC waveform - ✔✔the recorded electrical activity produced during
depolarization and repolarization
✔✔isoelectric line - ✔✔period of no electrical activity, also known as the baseline
✔✔P-wave - ✔✔represents atrial depolarization with the resulting atrial contraction. SA
node. ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION Normal=less than .10 Anything to do with p-waves is
atrium
✔✔PR Segment - ✔✔Delay at AV node
✔✔PR interval - ✔✔represents time from when electrical impulse is initiated until the
ventricles are simulated (another words, how long it was held in AV node) Normal=.12-
.20, measure by counting small boxes from beginning of p wave to beginning of QRS
and multiple this number by .04
✔✔QRS - ✔✔represents ventricular depolarization with the resulting ventricular
contraction, the time it takes the electrical impulse to travel through AV node down the
bundle branches to the purkinje fibers. this is the heart beat you feel or hear.
VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION Normal=.04-.10
✔✔Q-wave - ✔✔if there it is the first negative deflection before R wave. Normal q wave
is 1/4 height of R-wave. Pathologic Q waves (deeper) are a sign of previous myocardial
infarction
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Chordae Tendinae - ✔✔are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to
the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.
✔✔Septum - ✔✔Muscular wall that divides right and left side of heart
✔✔Heart valves - ✔✔Function as the heart muscle contracts and relaxes, opening and
shutting valves at alternate times passing blood on a one way trip. Each valve is 3 flaps
except mitral valve which is two
✔✔Automaticity - ✔✔Ability of heart to initiate an electrical pulse w/o being stimulated
by an outside source. Heart tissue has its own innate ability to initiate an electrical
impulse
✔✔3 places you have automaticity - ✔✔SA node, Junctional Tissue, ventricular
✔✔Myocardial - ✔✔Heart muscle Myo=muscle cardi=heart
✔✔Conductivity - ✔✔ability of heart muscle cells to receive and transmit electrical
impulses
, ✔✔Contractility - ✔✔ability of heart muscles to shorten or contract, the contraction
produces the heartbeat or pumping of heart
✔✔Excitability - ✔✔Ability to respond to impulses, w/o which the heart could not react to
the electrical impulses
✔✔Polarization - ✔✔heart cells are at their peak resting energy. The inside of the cell is
negatively charged and the outside is positively charged. the "ready rest stage of the
heart".
✔✔Depolarization - ✔✔the state of cellular stimulation that proceeds contraction, the
electrical charge is reversed and the inside becomes positive. most important electrical
event in the heart as it cause the heart to contract and pump the blood. REMEMBER D.
DEPOLARIZATION=ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE
✔✔Repolarization - ✔✔follows contraction when the heart returns to neutral and the
heart relaxes allow the chambers to refill REMEMBER R. REPOLARIZATION=REST &
RECOVERY
✔✔The EGC waveform - ✔✔the recorded electrical activity produced during
depolarization and repolarization
✔✔isoelectric line - ✔✔period of no electrical activity, also known as the baseline
✔✔P-wave - ✔✔represents atrial depolarization with the resulting atrial contraction. SA
node. ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION Normal=less than .10 Anything to do with p-waves is
atrium
✔✔PR Segment - ✔✔Delay at AV node
✔✔PR interval - ✔✔represents time from when electrical impulse is initiated until the
ventricles are simulated (another words, how long it was held in AV node) Normal=.12-
.20, measure by counting small boxes from beginning of p wave to beginning of QRS
and multiple this number by .04
✔✔QRS - ✔✔represents ventricular depolarization with the resulting ventricular
contraction, the time it takes the electrical impulse to travel through AV node down the
bundle branches to the purkinje fibers. this is the heart beat you feel or hear.
VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION Normal=.04-.10
✔✔Q-wave - ✔✔if there it is the first negative deflection before R wave. Normal q wave
is 1/4 height of R-wave. Pathologic Q waves (deeper) are a sign of previous myocardial
infarction
