APEX Cardiac (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update)
100% Verified Questions & Answers
{Grade A}
What is the formula and normal value for CO? CI? - correct answer CO: HR x SV, 5-6
L/min
CI: CO/BSA, 2.8-4.2 L/min/m2
What is the formula and normal value for SV? SVI? - correct answer SV: EDV-ESV, CO x
1000/HR, 50-110ml/beat
SVI: SV/BSA, 30-65 ml/beat/m2
What is the formula and normal value for EF? - correct answer EDV-ESV/EDV x 100,
60-70%
What is the formula and normal value for pulse pressure? - correct answer SBP-DBP,
stroke volume output/arterial tree compliance, 40 mmHg
,What is the formula and normal value for SVR? SVRI? - correct answer SV: 800-1500
dynes/sec/cm-5
SVI: 1500-2400 dynes/sec/cm-5/m2
What is the formula and normal value for PVR? PVRI? - correct answer 150-250
dynes/sec/cm-5
250-400 dynes/sec/cm-5/m2
How much can the atrial kick contribute to the final LVEDV? - correct answer 20-30%
What is the difference between afterload and SVR? - correct answer SVR does not take
blood viscosity, blood density, or ventricular wall tension into account. SVR is only a
measure of arterial tone.
Wha is the law of LaPlace? - correct answer Wall stress = pressure x radius/wall
thickness
, What is diastasis? - correct answer Middle third of diastole; filling of the ventricle that
occurs at a slower rate compared to rapid ventricular filling
What creates the dicrotic notch on the arterial BP waveform? - correct answer Onset
of closure of the aortic valve causes retrograde flow from aorta to aortic valve (also
known as incisura)
Circumflex a. supplies what part of the heart? - correct answer Left lateral wall of LV
Left anterior descending a. supplies what 3 parts of the heart? - correct answer 1.
Anterior wall of LV
2. Anterior 2/3 of septum
3. Small portion of anterior RV
Right coronary A. supplies what part of the heart? - correct answer 1. Posterior wall of
LV
2. Most of RV
3. Posterior 1/3 of septum
100% Verified Questions & Answers
{Grade A}
What is the formula and normal value for CO? CI? - correct answer CO: HR x SV, 5-6
L/min
CI: CO/BSA, 2.8-4.2 L/min/m2
What is the formula and normal value for SV? SVI? - correct answer SV: EDV-ESV, CO x
1000/HR, 50-110ml/beat
SVI: SV/BSA, 30-65 ml/beat/m2
What is the formula and normal value for EF? - correct answer EDV-ESV/EDV x 100,
60-70%
What is the formula and normal value for pulse pressure? - correct answer SBP-DBP,
stroke volume output/arterial tree compliance, 40 mmHg
,What is the formula and normal value for SVR? SVRI? - correct answer SV: 800-1500
dynes/sec/cm-5
SVI: 1500-2400 dynes/sec/cm-5/m2
What is the formula and normal value for PVR? PVRI? - correct answer 150-250
dynes/sec/cm-5
250-400 dynes/sec/cm-5/m2
How much can the atrial kick contribute to the final LVEDV? - correct answer 20-30%
What is the difference between afterload and SVR? - correct answer SVR does not take
blood viscosity, blood density, or ventricular wall tension into account. SVR is only a
measure of arterial tone.
Wha is the law of LaPlace? - correct answer Wall stress = pressure x radius/wall
thickness
, What is diastasis? - correct answer Middle third of diastole; filling of the ventricle that
occurs at a slower rate compared to rapid ventricular filling
What creates the dicrotic notch on the arterial BP waveform? - correct answer Onset
of closure of the aortic valve causes retrograde flow from aorta to aortic valve (also
known as incisura)
Circumflex a. supplies what part of the heart? - correct answer Left lateral wall of LV
Left anterior descending a. supplies what 3 parts of the heart? - correct answer 1.
Anterior wall of LV
2. Anterior 2/3 of septum
3. Small portion of anterior RV
Right coronary A. supplies what part of the heart? - correct answer 1. Posterior wall of
LV
2. Most of RV
3. Posterior 1/3 of septum
