https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
CMN 557 MODULE 1 – EMERGENCY PMHNP STUDY GUIDE
2026 SOLUTIONS
• Protective factors of suicide
Protective factors for suicide include cognitive flexibility, active coping strategies
in difficult life situations, healthy lifestyles, active social networks, confidence and the
sense of personal value, and the ability to seek advice from others and help from the
health care system for subsequent treatment. It comprises also strategies for promoting
mental health, social welfare, and education policies.
• Epidemiological characteristics of suicide – compare age groups
The WHO report “Preventing suicide: a global imperative” published in 2014
estimates that over 800,000 people die by suicide, and more than 20 million attempt
suicide each year. This implies that every 40 seconds, a person dies by suicide
somewhere on the globe, and every 1.5 seconds, someone will attempt to take his/her
own life. However, those numbers are underreported, as not all countries in the world
report suicide mortality to the WHO. Only 59 out of 194 Member States have good
quality mortality registration data. Furthermore, in countries with good mortality
statistics, suicides can be misclassified as accidents, homicides, or unknown causes of
death.
Annual global suicide rates are 15 for males, 8 for females, and 11.4 per 100,000
population.
Globally, suicides account for 52 percent of all violent deaths in men and 71
percent of all violent deaths in women. In high-income countries, 79 percent of violent
deaths in both males and females are caused by suicide.
Suicide occurs in all regions of the world and throughout the life span, and it
accounts for 1.4 percent of all deaths worldwide, by that, ranking as the 15th leading
cause of death.
Among young people 15 to 29 years of age, suicide is the second leading cause of
death globally after traffic accidents and accounts for 8.5 percent of all deaths.
Tables 32.1–1 and 32.1–2 show the number and suicide rates by age group in all
WHO regions for males and females, respectively. Suicide rates for males are highest in
Europe, followed by Southeast Asia and Western Pacific. Suicide rates for females are
highest in Southeast Asia and Western Pacific.
https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
In Table 32.1–3, the absolute numbers, crude, and age-adjusted suicide rates per
100,000 persons in each state in the United States are shown. The age-adjusted suicide
rate for the United States is 12.6 per 100,000 population. The highest age-adjusted
suicide rates are in Montana, Alaska, Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico, Idaho, Colorado,
Nevada, South Dakota, while the lowest are in the District of Columbia, New Jersey,
New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.
Within the same region, suicide rates can vary from one district to another.
Therefore, it is important for tailored suicide prevention to survey local data from both
population and clinical settings, as risk groups and risk factors can vary considerably at
the local level.
https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
CMN 557 MODULE 1 – EMERGENCY PMHNP STUDY GUIDE
2026 SOLUTIONS
• Protective factors of suicide
Protective factors for suicide include cognitive flexibility, active coping strategies
in difficult life situations, healthy lifestyles, active social networks, confidence and the
sense of personal value, and the ability to seek advice from others and help from the
health care system for subsequent treatment. It comprises also strategies for promoting
mental health, social welfare, and education policies.
• Epidemiological characteristics of suicide – compare age groups
The WHO report “Preventing suicide: a global imperative” published in 2014
estimates that over 800,000 people die by suicide, and more than 20 million attempt
suicide each year. This implies that every 40 seconds, a person dies by suicide
somewhere on the globe, and every 1.5 seconds, someone will attempt to take his/her
own life. However, those numbers are underreported, as not all countries in the world
report suicide mortality to the WHO. Only 59 out of 194 Member States have good
quality mortality registration data. Furthermore, in countries with good mortality
statistics, suicides can be misclassified as accidents, homicides, or unknown causes of
death.
Annual global suicide rates are 15 for males, 8 for females, and 11.4 per 100,000
population.
Globally, suicides account for 52 percent of all violent deaths in men and 71
percent of all violent deaths in women. In high-income countries, 79 percent of violent
deaths in both males and females are caused by suicide.
Suicide occurs in all regions of the world and throughout the life span, and it
accounts for 1.4 percent of all deaths worldwide, by that, ranking as the 15th leading
cause of death.
Among young people 15 to 29 years of age, suicide is the second leading cause of
death globally after traffic accidents and accounts for 8.5 percent of all deaths.
Tables 32.1–1 and 32.1–2 show the number and suicide rates by age group in all
WHO regions for males and females, respectively. Suicide rates for males are highest in
Europe, followed by Southeast Asia and Western Pacific. Suicide rates for females are
highest in Southeast Asia and Western Pacific.
https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
In Table 32.1–3, the absolute numbers, crude, and age-adjusted suicide rates per
100,000 persons in each state in the United States are shown. The age-adjusted suicide
rate for the United States is 12.6 per 100,000 population. The highest age-adjusted
suicide rates are in Montana, Alaska, Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico, Idaho, Colorado,
Nevada, South Dakota, while the lowest are in the District of Columbia, New Jersey,
New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.
Within the same region, suicide rates can vary from one district to another.
Therefore, it is important for tailored suicide prevention to survey local data from both
population and clinical settings, as risk groups and risk factors can vary considerably at
the local level.
https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
https://www.stuvia.com/user/nursecare
